Table 1. Demographic and clinical data of all patients, survivors and non-survivors.
| All patients N = 600 |
Survivors N = 444 |
Non-survivors N = 156 |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age–years | 62.0 [49.0–73.0] | 60.0 [47.0–72.0] | 67.0 [55.0–76.0] | 0.001 |
| Male–n (%) | 414 (69.0) | 314 (70.7) | 100 (64.1) | 0.151 |
| Severity of illness | ||||
| APACHE II score | 17.0 [13.0–23.0] | 16.0 [12.0–22.0] | 21.0 [16.0–26.0] | <0.001 |
| ARDS Severity–n/total n (%)a | 0.093 | |||
| Mild | 211/595 (35.5) | 149/440 (33.9) | 62/155 (40.0) | |
| Moderate | 334/595 (56.1) | 258/440 (58.6) | 76/155 (49.0) | |
| Severe | 50/595 (8.4) | 33/440 (7.5) | 17/155 (11.0) | |
| Mortality and length of stay | ||||
| 28-day mortality–n (%) | 156 (26.0) | 0 (0) | 156 (100) | <0.001 |
| 90-day mortality–n (%) | 202 (33.7) | 46 (10.4) | 156 (100) | <0.001 |
| ICU mortality–n (%) | 110 (18.3) | 4 (0.9) | 106 (67.9) | <0.001 |
| ICU length of stay–days | 6.7 [3.9–12.6] | 6.3 [3.9–12.6] | 7.7 [4.3–127] | 0.533 |
| Hospital length of stay–days | 20.0 [10.9–38.0] | 24.4 [12.6–43.2] | 13.0 [7.0–23.9] | <0.001 |
| Respiratory variables | ||||
| PaO2/FiO2 on diagnosis–mmHg | 175 [132–229] | 171 [134–227] | 180 [126–232] | 0.770 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation–hrs | 101 [51.0–228] | 89.5 [46.5–214] | 136 [70.8–242] | 0.002 |
| Ventilator free-days on day 28 | 24.2 [19.0–26.0] | 24.3 [19.1–26.1] | 0.00 [0.00–0.00] | <0.001 |
| Weaned off ventilator day 28 –n (%) | 422 (70.3) | 421 (94.8) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Protective ventilation [12]–n/total n (%)b | 294/574 (51.2) | 207/430 (48.1) | 87/144 (60.4) | 0.008 |
| Fluid therapy and organ support | ||||
| Cumulative FB day 7 –mL | 3994 [620–8467] | 3015 [-62.25–6443] | 7609 [3116–13275] | <0.001 |
| CVVH–n (%)c | 70 (11.1) | 37 (8.33) | 33 (21.2) | <0.001 |
| Furosemide–n(%) c | 313 (52.2) | 232 (52.3) | 81 (51.9) | 1.000 |
| Vasopressors/inotropics at onset ARDS–n/total n (%) | 348/597 (58.3) | 242/442 (54.8) | 106/155 (67.9) | 0.006 |
| ICU admission category–n (%) | ||||
| Medical | 349 (58.2) | 240 (54.1) | 109 (69.9) | <0.001 |
| Elective surgery | 147 (24.5) | 128 (28.8) | 19 (12.2) | <0.001 |
| Emergency surgery | 104 (17.3) | 76 (17.1) | 28 (17.9) | 0.910 |
| Probable ARDS causes–n (%) | ||||
| Sepsis | 101 (16.8) | 66 (14.9) | 35 (22.4) | 0.040 |
| Pneumonia | 111 (18.5) | 81 (18.2) | 30 (19.2) | 0.878 |
| Aspiration | 30 (5.0) | 22 (5.0) | 8 (5.1) | 1.000 |
| Massive transfusion | 93 (15.5) | 75 (16.9) | 18 (11.5) | 0.144 |
| Near drowning | 3 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.9) | 0.017 |
| Pancreatitis | 12 (2.0) | 11 (2.5) | 1 (0.6) | 0.201 |
| Trauma | 42 (7.0) | 36 (8.1) | 6 (3.9) | 0.101 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| COPD | 66 (11.0) | 44 (9.9) | 22 (14.1) | 0.197 |
| Diabetes | 88 (14.8) | 56 (12.7) | 32 (20.8) | 0.021 |
| Alcohol abuse | 53 (8.8) | 44 (9.9) | 9 (5.8) | 0.160 |
| Auto-immune disease | 40 (6.7) | 25 (5.6) | 15 (9.6) | 0.126 |
| Immune compromised | 62 (10.3) | 39 (8.8) | 23 (14.7) | 0.051 |
Values indicated with n are number of patients. Medians are presented with interquartile ranges between square brackets. Survival is based on 28-day mortality. P-values were calculated for the differences between survivors and non-survivors. FB denotes fluid balance; CVVH, continuous veno-venous hemofiltration; ARDS, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
aDefined using PaO2/FiO2 ratio on diagnosis, following the Berlin Definition [1].
bProtective ventilation was defined as 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight.
cDuring the first 31 days of ICU admission.