Table 1.
Objectives and Outcomes of the Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa Program
| Objective | Outcome |
|---|---|
| 1. To estimate the burden and severity of invasive Salmonella infections | a. Population-based adjusted incidence of invasive Salmonella infections b. Incidence of hospital- and community-based complications c. Mortality rate and long-term sequelae of Salmonella Typhi infections over 1 year of follow-up d. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates identified |
| 2. To assess the immune response and carriage associated with natural TF, PF, and iNTS infection over a 1-year follow-up period | a. Assessment of the magnitude and duration of the immune response to TF, PF, and iNTS after natural infection b. Identification and validation of immunological markers associated with the development of Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi, and iNTS carriage |
| 3. To estimate the prevalence of S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi, and NTS carriers among immediate household members of positive Salmonella cases | a. Prevalence of S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi, and NTS carriers among immediate household members of positive cases b. Immunological characterization of S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi, and NTS carriers c. Description of circulating S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi, and NTS isolates in the community and blood culture–confirmed cases |
| 4. To estimate public and private expenditures for treatment and productivity loss associated with illness due to TF, PF, and iNTS infectionsa | a. Calculation of per-case direct and indirect cost of illness for TF, PF, and iNTS, categorized by payer and stratified by age and type of service used |
| 5. To estimate the effects of invasive salmonellosis on the quality of life of patients and the subsequent disease-related family and societal burdens over a 1-year follow-up perioda | a. Assessment of the quality of life of patients affected with invasive salmonellosis compared to a control group over a 1-year follow-up period |
| 6. To validate a new rt-PCR assay for the diagnosis of invasive Salmonella infections in selected SETA sitesb | a. Validation of rt-PCR assay for the diagnosis of invasive Salmonella infections |
Abbreviations: iNTS, invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella; NTS, nontyphoidal Salmonella; PF, paratyphoid fever; rt-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; SETA, Severe Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa program; TF, typhoid fever.
aNot applicable for Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
bOnly for Burkina Faso and Ghana.