Table 2.
Maturation and Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants by Hormone Phenotype
| Phenotype 1 | Phenotype 2 | Phenotype 3a | Phenotype 3b | |||
| Cohort | High DHEA-S, T, and E1 | High E2, T, and E1 | No High Hormones | All Low Hormones | ||
| n = 269 | n = 42 | n = 37 | n = 74 | n = 96 | ||
| Means ± SD | Means ± SD | Means ± SD | Means ± SD | Mean ± SD | P Value | |
| Age of thelarche, y | 9.02 ± 1.10 | 9.44 ± 0.94 | 9.37 ± 1.10 | 8.86 ± 1.08 | 8.67 ± 1.03 | <0.0001 |
| Age of pubarche, y | 9.85 ± 1.35 | 9.74 ± 1.60 | 9.89 ± 0.95 | 9.49 ± 1.43 | 10.13 ± 1.25 | 0.0345 |
| Age of menarche, y | 12.3 ± 1.15 | 12.56 ± 1.28 | 11.87 ± 0.99 | 12.3 ± 1.19 | 12.39 ± 1.02 | 0.0606 |
| Tempo,a y | 3.25 ± 1.09 | 3.03 ± 0.96 | 2.55 ± 0.86 | 3.38 ± 0.91 | 3.76 ± 1.05 | <0.0001 |
| BMIz | 0.33 ± 1.02 | 0.29 ± 0.96 | 0.14 ± 0.97 | 0.42 ± 1.10 | 0.4 ± 1.03 | 0.5245 |
| BMI percentile | 58.97 ± 29.56 | 57.67 ± 27.62 | 52.47 ± 28.56 | 61.46 ± 30.70 | 61.6 ± 30.29 | 0.3667 |
| Mother’s age of menarche, % | 0.4507 | |||||
| <12 y old | 20.07 | 14.29 | 27.03 | 25.68 | 14.58 | |
| At least 12 y but <14 y old | 59.85 | 66.67 | 51.35 | 55.41 | 64.58 | |
| At least 14 y or older | 20.07 | 19.05 | 21.62 | 18.92 | 20.83 | |
| Ethnicity, % | 0.7755 | |||||
| Black | 31.60 | 35.71 | 27.03 | 29.73 | 34.38 | |
| Hispanic, White, Asian, all other | 68.40 | 64.29 | 72.97 | 70.27 | 65.63 | |
| First- or second-degree maternal family member breast cancer diagnosis, % | 0.8573 | |||||
| Diagnosis of breast cancer | 12.64 | 11.90 | 13.51 | 16.21 | 11.46 | |
| No diagnosis of breast cancer | 80.30 | 83.33 | 78.84 | 78.38 | 79.70 | |
| Missing | 7.06 | 4.76 | 8.10 | 5.40 | 9.37 | |
| Caregiver’s education, % | 0.4303 | |||||
| High school degree or less | 29.00 | 40.48 | 16.22 | 27.03 | 29.17 | |
| Associate’s or bachelor’s degree | 45.35 | 38.10 | 54.05 | 44.59 | 43.75 | |
| More than a bachelor’s degree | 25.62 | 21.43 | 29.73 | 28.38 | 27.08 | |
| Pubertal pathway, % | 0.0017 | |||||
| Thelarche before pubarche | 69.14 | 66.67 | 64.86 | 64.86 | 79.17 | |
| Pubarche before thelarche | 17.10 | 26.17 | 16.22 | 28.38 | 5.21 | |
| Entered at the same time | 7.43 | 7.14 | 13.51 | 4.05 | 4.17 | |
| Missing as a result of censorship | 6.32 | 0.00 | 5.41 | 2.70 | 11.46 | |
Values for continuous variables are presented as means and SD. Values for categorical variables are presented as a percentage. P values represent tests for group-wise differences among the phenotypes using Kruskal-Wallis to test the difference between continuous variables and χ2 for categorical variables.
a
Tempo is the time between age of thelarche and age of menarche.