Table 4.
Insulin-Only Closed-Loop Transitional Studies Conducted in Camp, Hotel, or Airbnb Settings
| System | n | Study Outcomes: Closed Loop vs Open Loop | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average Glucose ±SD [mg/dL (mmol/L)] or Median (IQR1, IQR3) | % CGM Time 70–180 mg/dL (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) | % CGM Time <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) | ||
| Transitional studies <48 h | ||||
| MD-Logic 2013 (80)a | 54 | 126.4 (115.7–139.1) [7 (6.4–9.3)] vs 140.4 (105.7–167.4) [7.9 (5.9–9.3)] | 70–140 mg/dL (3.9–7.8 mmol/L) | Time reported, rather than percent 7.6 min vs 16.4 min |
| Time reported, rather than percent 4.4 h vs 2.8 h | ||||
| DiAs 2014 (89) | 6 | Not reported | 94.8% vs 68.2% | 1.25% vs 11.9% |
| DiAs 2014 (90)a | 20 | 147 ± 34 (8.2 ± 1.9) vs 146 ± 42 (8.1 ± 2.3) | 70–150 mg/dL (3.9–8.3 mmol/L) | Not reported |
| 62% vs 55% | ||||
| DiAs 2014 (91) | 18 | 161.3 ± 2.49 (9.0 ± 0.1) vs 152.1 ± 2.44 (8.4 ± 0.1) | 66.1% vs 70.7% | 0.7% vs 1.25% |
| Transitional studies >48 h | ||||
| MD-Logic 2014 (92)a | 15 | 133.5 (123.9–145.8) [7.4 (6.9–8.1)] vs 130 (113.1–152.4) [7.2 (6.3–8.5)] | Time reported, rather than percent 4.4 h vs 3.1 h | Time reported, rather than percent 3.8 min vs 48.7 min |
| DiAs 2015 (93)a | 10 | 139.0 (123–158) [7.7 (6.8–8.8)] vs 170.3 (133–200) [9.5 (7.4–11.1)] | 85.4% vs 59.1% | 0.55% vs 1.56% |
| DiAs 2016 (94) | 33 | 143 ± 3 (7.9 ± 0.2) vs 156 ± 5 (8.7 ± 0.3) | 78.6% vs 65.4% | 1.8% vs 4.2% |
| DiAs 2016 (95) | 30 | 169 ± 23 (9.4 ± 1.3) vs 147 ± 23 (8.2 ± 1.3) | 56.8% vs 63.1% | 2% vs 6.7% |
| Medtronic 2015 (87) | 21 | Reported on daily basis | 69.9% vs 73.1% | Not reported |
| Medtronic 2016 (88)a | 21 | 132 (119–144) [7.3 (6.6–8.0)] vs 128 (115–141) [7.1 (6.4–7.8)] | 79.9% vs 60% | 5.4% vs 19.5% |
| Medtronic 2016 Android-based hybrid closed loop (96) | 9 | No control | 80% | 0.79% |
| 145 ± 43 (8.0 ± 2.4) | ||||
We use italics when our standards for time in range and hypoglycemia thresholds were not used.
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
a
Overnight glycemic outcomes.