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. 2019 May 27;170(2):549–561. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz122

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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology 2019.

This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the US.

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Figure 9. — Working schematic of effects of TGFβ1 signaling in APAP-treated mice. During APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, TGFβ1 is increased in injured and dying hepatocytes. Transforming growth factor beta 1 is able to bind the TGFβR1/TGFβR2 heterodimer on hepatocytes resulting in increased phosphorylation of pSMAD3. As a result of induction of TGFβ1 signaling, hepatocyte proliferation is inhibited and cell death is induced. The combination of these deleterious effects exacerbates APAP-induced liver injury.