Figure 1.

A, Beta diversity of LIC microbiota in CV mice orally exposed to CO, PCN, or TCPOBOP (n = 3 per group). The 16S rDNA sequencing data were analyzed using QIIME as described in the Materials and Methods section. B, Differentially regulated intestinal bacteria at the class level (L3). C, Differentially regulated bacteria at the species level (L7) from the class Actinobacteria. D, Abundance of intestinal microbial DNA encoding bsh, which is known to be present in certain Bifidobacterium spp. (Ridlon et al., 2006), as well as bile acid inducible operons (bai) CD and J, which are known to be present in certain Clostridia species (Ridlon et al., 2006), from CV mice exposed to corn oil, PCN, or TCPOBOP (n = 5 per group) (qPCR). Asterisks (*) represent statistically significant differences as compared with corn oil-exposed group (one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test; statistical significance was considered at p < .05). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)