FIGURE 4.

Associations between the urinary metabolic profile and MTORC1 (upper panels) or VH (lower panels) based on the OPLS models. The NMR spectra are divided into 2 (right and left) to show the full range of δ¹H. For each comparison the upper section of the panel shows the average ¹H NMR spectrum (intensity in arbitrary units) and the lower section shows a Manhattan plot which displays the −log10(P value) for each of the spectral variables. Statistically significant peaks from the OPLS models are colored red if positively associated with MTORC1 or VH, and blue if inversely associated. n = 46 for both VH and MTORC1 models. For details of statistical analysis see the Methods. 2-HIB, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate; 2-PY, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide; 4-CS, 4-cresyl sulfate; DMA, dimethylamine, DMG, dimethylglycine; GAA, guanidinoacetic acid; HMB, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate; MTORC1, mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin complex 1; PAG, phenylacetylglutamine; OPLS, orthogonal projection to latent structures; VH, villus height.