FIGURE 2.

Study design. Participants stayed in the Clinical Research Center (CRC) for 5–6 d. Upon admission to the CRC, participants consumed the same dinner and fasted for 12 h prior to dosing the following morning. We studied participants under 3 dietary interventions: a defined liquid meal (DLM) with 40% fat, 0% fat, or 0% fat followed by a 12-h fast (0% fat-fast). After an overnight fast on the morning of dosing, subjects were fitted with an intravenous (IV) cannula in each arm. Three fasting baseline blood samples 1 h apart were obtained to allow calculation of the background stable isotopes and estimates of enrichment percentages. The participant consumed approximately two-thirds of the DLM, and then the oral dose was administered as a measured amount of oil placed on the participant's tongue followed by consumption of the remaining DLM. Immediately following the oral dosing, the IV dose was administered via 1 IV cannula by slow injection over ∼6 min. Blood sample collection from the contralateral IV cannula commenced with the beginning of IV dosing. Upon completion of the IV dose administration as follows, blood sampling occurred at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5.0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, and 60 min; 1.25, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 h; and then hourly from 3 to 12 h, then every 4 to 72 h. *For the 0% fat-fast intervention, hourly sampling was continued until 18 h. All feces were collected up to 96 h.