TABLE 1.
Study characteristics of included cohorts1
| Authors | Country | Cohort name | Follow-up years | n enrolled (n analyzed) | Male, % | Mean age,2 y | BMI,3kg/m2 | Funding source | Comorbidities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adriouch et al. (41) | France | NutriNet-Santé | 18 | 84,158 (84,158) | 21.3 | 44.1 ± 14.5 | NR | Government, academia | Diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia |
| Arts et al. (25) | Netherlands | The Zutphen Elderly Study | 10 | 939 (806) | 100 | 71 (65–84) | 25.5 (NR) | Government | Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia |
| Arts et al. (26) | United States | Iowa Women's Health Study | 12 | 34,492 (32,857) | 0 | 61.5 (55–69) | 26.9 (NR) | Government | Diabetes, hypertension, CVD |
| Cassidy et al. (27) | United States | NHS, NHS II, HPFS | 14 | 156,957 (156,957) | 14.7 | 44.6 (25–75) | 24.6 (NR) | Government | Hypertension |
| Cassidy et al. (28) | United States | NHS | 18 | 93,600 (93,600) | 0 | 36.6 (25–42) | 24.6 (NR) | Government | Diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia |
| Dower et al. (29) | Netherlands | The Zutphen Elderly Study | 25 | 774 (774) | 100 | 71.9 (65–84) | 25.6 (NR) | Government, industry | Diabetes, CVD, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia |
| Goetz et al. (30) | United States | REGARDS | 6.5 | 30,239 (20,024) | 44 | 64.6 (NR) | 29.1 (NR) | Government | Diabetes, hypertension |
| Goetz et al. (31) | United States | REGARDS | 6 | 16,678 (16,678) | 41.2 | 64.3 (NR) | 29 (NR) | Government | NR |
| Grosso et al. (42) | Poland | HAPIEE subcohort | 4 | 10,728 (5806) | 47 | 57.4 (45–69) | 27.7 (NR) | Government, foundation | NR |
| Grosso et al. (43) | Poland | HAPIEE subcohort | 4 | 2725 (2725) | 42.2 | 55.6 (45–69) | 26.4 (NR) | Government, foundation | Hypertension |
| Ivey et al. (32) | Australia | Calcium Intake Fracture Outcome Study | 5 | 1063 (1063) | 0 | 80.1 (NR) | 27.1 (NR) | Government, foundation, hospital | Diabetes, hypertension |
| Jacques et al. (33) | United States | Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort | 11.9 | 2915 (2915) | 45.5 | 54.2 (28–62) | 26.7 (NR) | Government, foundation | Diabetes, CVD |
| Lajous et al. (34) | France | EPIC | 13.8 | 40,574 (40,574) | 0 | 51.6 (NR) | 22.2 (NR) | Government, foundation | Diabetes, CVD, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia |
| McCullough et al. (35) | United States | American Cancer Society's CPS-II Nutrition Cohort | 7 | 98,469 (98,469) | 38.77 | 69.1 (NR) | NR | Government | Diabetes, CVD, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia |
| Mink et al. (36) | United States | Iowa Women's Health Study | 12 | 34,492 (34,492) | 0 | 61 (55–69) | 26.9 (NR) | Foundation | Diabetes, CVD, hypertension |
| Mursu et al. (37) | Finland | The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study | 15.2 | 2682 (1950) | 100 | 52.4 (42–60) | 26.7 (NR) | Foundation | Diabetes, CVD |
| Ponzo et al. (47) | Italy | NR | 12 | 1658 (1658) | 47 | 54.6 (45–64) | 26.6 (NR) | Government | CVD, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension |
| Tresserra-Rimbau et al. (38) | Spain | PREDIMED | 4.3 | 7447 (7172) | 42.65 | 67 (NR) | 30 (NR) | Government | Diabetes, CVD, hypertension |
| Tresserra-Rimbau et al. (44) | Spain | PREDIMED | 5.51 | 3430 (3430) | 38.3 | 66.6 (NR) | 29.9 (NR) | Government, industry | Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension |
| Vogiatzoglou et al. (39) | United Kingdom | EPIC-Norfolk | 11.1 | 25,639 (24,885) | 34 | 60 (40–75) | 27 (NR) | Government, industry | Diabetes, CVD, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia |
| Wedick et al. (40) | United States | NHS, NHS II, HPFS | 12–18 | 289,900 (199,980) | 20.6 (0, 0, 100) | 44.3 (25–75) | 24.9 (NR) | Government | Diabetes, CVD, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension |
| Zamora-Ros et al. (45, 46) | Eight European countries | EPIC-Interact subcohort | NR | 16,154 (15,268) | 37.8 | 52.4 (NR) | 26.0 (NR) | Government | CVD, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension |
1CPS, Cancer Prevention Study; CVD, cardiovascular disease; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; HAPIEE, Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; NR, not reported; PREDIMED, Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea study; REGARDS, REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke.
2
Mean ± SD or mean (range).
3
Mean ± SD.