. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 5.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Apr 30;221(5):383–392.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.029

TABLE 2.

Prevalence of APOs, periodontitis, and infant mortality rate by race

Racial/ethnic group	Prevalence of periodontitis,^a 1999–2004³³	Infant mortality rate,^b 2005³¹	Percent of live births, 2013³¹
Non-Hispanic white	2.0%	5.06	PTB	10.2%
			LBW <2500 g	7.0%
			LBW <1500 g	1.13%
Non-Hispanic black	2.2%	13.63	PTB	16.3%
			LBW <2500 g	13.2%
			LBW <1500 g	2.96%
Mexican American	9.3%	5.62	PTB	10.8%
			LBW <2500 g	6.6%
			LBW <1500 g	1.15%

APO, adverse pregnancy outcome; CAL, clinical attachment level; LBW, low birthweight; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PD, probing depth; PTB, preterm birth.

A patient having periodontitis was defined by having 2 teeth with each having at least 1 periodontal site with both ≥3 mm of CAL and ≥4 mm PD measuring 2 of 4 possible quadrants.³³ A follow-up study suggested NHANES examinations using recordings in 2 of 4 quadrants may have underestimated the prevalence of periodontal disease by 50% or more.¹³⁰

Number of deaths per 1000 live births.