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. 2019 Oct 24;10:1269. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01269

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Copyright © 2019 Denver, D’Adamo, Hu, Zuo, Zhu, Okuma, Kim, Castro, Jones, Leal, Mekkittikul, Ghadishah, Teter, Vinters, Cole and Frautschy.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Neuritic Amyloid-β plaques in FAD rats become more diffuse with hypertension. Micrographs depicting Aβ (6E10) immunohistochemical staining of brain sections (hippocampus) from FAD (n = 11) and SHRSP/FAD (n = 9) rats are shown. No plaques were observed in WKY rats, while there was sparse vascular staining in the SHRSP rat (black arrow), unlike advance plaque pathology in the FAD and SHRSP/FAD groups. With the low magnification micrographs, more compact, neuritic plaques (black arrows) were observed in FAD rats, whereas plaques in the hippocampus of SHRSP/FAD rats rarely had compact cores and were more diffuse (blue arrows) and frequently associated with vessels (red asterisks). The highly vascularized hippocampal fissure is outlined in red. Although there was moderate staining for Aβ in the HF of FAD rats, the SHRSP/FAD rats showed extensive staining of plaques and vessels (red asterisks). Since there was negligible staining in the SHRSP and WKY groups, quantitative analysis was performed in the plaque-rich hilus, measuring Aβ plaque number and average percentage area only in the FAD and SHRSP/FAD groups. Two-way ANOVA (region × strain) of percent area and count, showed significant region effects, which post hoc analysis revealed was due to higher plaque burden and count in the hilus. For percent area, there was also a significant main effect of strain and post hoc analysis showed that this was due to a reduction in plaques in the entorhinal cortex of SHRSP rats. For plaque count, two-way ANOVA showed an interaction between strain and region. Post hoc analysis showed significant reductions in plaque number in both the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices of SHRSP rats. Data represent means ± SEM. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01; two-way ANOVA. Log transformation of data for percent area was also performed to establish homogeneity of variance.