Figure 1.

Flow chart depicting Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation (RO) of bEnd.3 cells. Two days post-confluent bEnd.3 cells were pre-treated with either media alone (vehicle) or CSE (5, 10, 20 or 40%) for 1 hour. Cells were then incubated for 4 hours in a hypoxic chamber in either glucose-free media containing CSE or OGE alone (vehicle). followed by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) with glucose-free vehicle or CSE for 4 hours in a hypoxic chamber. After 4 h of OGD, media was replaced with glucose-containing media (oxygenated with air) for a further 23 h incubation at 37 °C (5% CO₂ atmosphere) (Fig. 1). For each OGD + RO experiment, time-controlled normoxic controls were run alongside by incubating cells for 27 h in CSE diluted in glucose-containing media or media alone (vehicle).