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. 2019 Oct 24;10:2148. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02148

Figure 5.

Figure 5

NETs induce NETosis through TLR activity. (A) In vitro experimental design with ODN-2088; (B) H3-Cit and DAPI showing 2° NETs with or without ODN-2088 after mechanical disruption of 1° NETs; (C) Number of 2° NETs normalized to the number of DAPI+ cells per hpf with ODN-2088 (46.6 vs. 11.0, p < 0.05); (D) Number of compound 2° NETs normalized to the number of all NETs per hpf with ODN-2088 (92.7 vs. 0.90, p < 0.05); (E) Number of DAPI+ nuclei normalized to the number of 2° NETs per hpf with ODN-2088 (2.9 vs. 0.60, p < 0.05); (F) In vivo experimental set-up with ODN-2088; (G) ODN-2088 significantly reduces normalized neutrophil (1.0 vs. 0.27, p < 0.05) and macrophage (1.0 vs. 0.41, p < 0.05) counts in the mobile hindlimb 48 h after injury vs. untreated mobile controls; All in vivo studies had n ≥ 3/group. All in vitro studies had n = 15 hpf/group. Scale bars are 200 μm. *p < 0.05.