TABLE 1.
Chamber study participant characteristics of those included in the final analysisa.
| All N = 34 | Healthy N = 13 | Heart failure N = 9 | Smoker N = 12 | |
| Female | 13(38%) | 6(46%) | 2(22%) | 5(42%) |
| Age (years) | 63.22(56.96,69.92) | 66.59(61.34,70.44) | 62.47(55.49,69.92) | 60.88(52.16,67.12) |
| Age 65 and older | 13(38%) | 6(46%) | 4(44%) | 3(25%) |
| White | 26(76%) | 12(92%) | 7(78%) | 7(58%) |
| Ever smoker | 27(79%) | 7(54%) | 8(89%) | 12(100%) |
| Body mass index | 28.37(24.20,31.40) | 27.48(25.50,29.70) | 31.28(30.70,34.30) | 27.14(23.00,31.40) |
| Diabetes | 7(21%) | 0(0%) | 7(78%) | 0(0%) |
| Asthma | 3(9%) | 1(8%) | 1(11%) | 1(8%) |
| COPD | 3(9%) | 1(8%) | 2(22%) | 0(0%) |
| Baseline SaO2∗ over 95 | 29(85%) | 9(69%) | 8(89%) | 12(100%) |
| Beta-blocker use | 13(38%) | 2(15%) | 8(89%) | 3(25%) |
∗SaO2, oxygen saturation. aDescriptive statistics are presented overall and by subgroups of interest as frequencies and percentages or means and first and third quartiles.