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. 2019 Oct 30;9:15650. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51961-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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QIV induces equivalent humoral responses in PLWH and male control subjects. (a) Table showing haemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) response geometric mean titre (GMT) in all participants. Left column: the baseline (BL) and Day 28 (D28) HAI titre. Those seroprotected (SP, HAI titre ≥40) are shown in dark blue, those not seroprotected (NSP, HAI titre <40) in light blue. Right column: Day 28 fold change in HAI titre. Responders (R, HAI titre ≥4 fold increase) are shown in dark green and non-responders (NR, HAI titre <4 fold increase) in light green. Crossed cells indicate incomplete data. (b) Graph shows Day 28 HAI titre against each of the influenza-A and B strains in, healthcare control subjects (HC), those with early-treated HIV (E-HIV) and those with chronic-treated HIV infection (C-HIV). Shaded area indicates HAI titre <40. (c) Graph shows Day 28 fold change in HAI titre against each of the influenza-A and -B strains in HC, E-HIV and C-HIV. Shaded area indicates HAI titre fold change <4. Lines on graph panels indicate the median. Individual data points are shown: HC, filled green circles; E-HIV, filled orange circles; C-HIV, open orange circles. p values indicate results of Kruskal-Wallis test (below graph).