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. 2019 Oct 30;9:15687. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51497-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Memory performance according to the incorporation of learning-related elements into dream reports (strict scoring). Means, standard deviations and measures for each subject are represented. (A) Mean odor recognition memory score (d’), (B) mean episodic memory score (Hit/WWW) and (C) mean visuo-spatial memory score (VS) for the participants who had at least one identified learning-related dream report (D + Learn, n = 16) and for those with no identified learning-related dream report (D-Learn, n = 16). Vertical bars represent SD. *p < 0.05.