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. 2019 Oct 30;9:15598. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52130-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Loss of viperin enhances S. flexneri in vitro. (A) Viperin shRNA or control shRNA expressing Huh7 cells were invaded with S. flexneri and either RNA collected for real-time analysis or (B) cell lysate collected for CFU counts, at the indicated time points. (C) Primary MEFs harvested from either wild-type or viperin KO mice were invaded with S. flexneri and cell lysates collected for CFU counts at 5 hours post invasion. Graphs represent the mean and standard deviation of three independent experiments performed in triplicate, *p < 0.0001.