Conversion of p-benzoquinone (BQ) into hydroquinone (HQ) by the five different fermentation strains. (a) Z. mobilis ZM4 and G. oxydans DSM2003 with BQ conversion capacity. (b) S. cerevisiae XH7, S. cerevisiae DQ1, and P. acidilactici TY112 without BQ conversion capacity. The strains were cultured to the exponential growth phase and then harvested, washed by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.0), and resuspended in PBS before inoculated into the fresh PBS containing 20 g/liter of glucose and 200 mg/liter of BQ for Z. mobilis ZM4 and G. oxydans DSM2003 or 100 mg/liter of BQ for S. cerevisiae XH7, S. cerevisiae DQ1, and P. acidilactici TY112. Conditions were as follows: 10% (vol/vol) inoculum size; 30°C and 150 rpm for S. cerevisiae XH7 and S. cerevisiae DQ1; 30°C in static-state culture for Z. mobilis ZM4; 42°C and 150 rpm for P. acidilactici TY112; and 30°C and 220 rpm for G. oxydans DSM2003. Error bars represent two standard deviations.