Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 184 patients with upper urinary urothelial carcinoma, including 61 patients with a history of bladder cancer.
| Variable | Total data set (n=184) | Upper urinary tract cancer without bladder cancer (n=123) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 67.50 (24.00–87.00) | 67.00 (24.00–87.00) |
| Sex (male/female) | 135/49 (73.4/26.6) | 85/38 (69.1/30.9) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.20 (15.80–33.40) | 24.20 (15.80–33.40) |
| Hypertension | 81 (44.0) | 56 (45.5) |
| Diabetes | 24 (13.0) | 11 (8.9) |
| Bladder cancer status | ||
| None | 123 (66.8) | - |
| Previous bladder tumor history | 53 (28.8) | - |
| Concomitant bladder tumor history | 8 (4.3) | - |
| Intravesical instillation history | 66 (35.9) | 33 (26.8) |
| Preoperative instillation | 33 (50.0) | |
| Postoperative instillation | 33 (50.0) | 33 (26.8) |
| Preoperative hydronephrosis | 100 (54.3) | 66 (53.7) |
| Preoperative ureteroscopy | 45 (24.5) | 27 (22.0) |
| ASA | ||
| 1 | 39 (21.2) | 25 (20.3) |
| 2 | 119 (64.7) | 80 (65.0) |
| 3 | 15 (8.2) | 9 (7.3) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smokers | 71 (38.6) | 59 (48.0) |
| Former smokers | 62 (33.7) | 34 (27.6) |
| Active smokers | 51 (27.7) | 30 (24.4) |
| Duration smoked (y) | 28.00 (2.00–66.00) | 20.00 (0.00–66.00) |
| Duration smoked | ||
| Never smoked | 71 (38.6) | 59 (48.0) |
| <40 years | 58 (31.5) | 31 (25.2) |
| ≥40 years | 55 (29.9) | 33 (26.8) |
| Intensity smoked | ||
| Never smoked | 71 (38.6) | 59 (48.0) |
| <1 pack-year | 36 (19.6) | 19 (15.4) |
| ≥1 pack-year | 76 (41.3) | 44 (35.8) |
| Preoperative laboratory | ||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.20 (0.56–31.00) | 1.20 (0.56–31.00) |
| Alanine transaminase (IU/L) | 20.00 (9.00–196.00) | 19.50 (9.00–196.00) |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 15.00 (1.30–291.00) | 15.00 (1.30–291.00) |
| Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) | 77.00 (36.00–206.00) | 77.00 (36.00–206.00) |
| Operative findings | ||
| Operative method | ||
| Open | 104 (56.5) | 62 (50.4) |
| Laparoscopy | 80 (43.5) | 61 (49.6) |
| Cuffing method | ||
| None | 22 (12.1) | 12 (9.9) |
| Intravesical | 3 (1.6) | 2 (1.7) |
| Extravesical | 147 (80.8) | 107 (88.4) |
| Partial cystectomy | 10 (5.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Hospital stay | 13.00 (3.00–104.00) | 12.00 (3.00–104.00) |
| Pathologic findings | ||
| Tumor location | ||
| Single renal pelvic site | 75 (41.0) | 61 (49.6) |
| Single ureter site | 69 (37.7) | 44 (35.8) |
| Multiple sites | 39 (21.3) | 18 (14.6) |
| Multifocality | 26 (14.2) | 11 (8.9) |
| Tumor grade (1973 WHO classification) | ||
| 1 | 5 (3.0) | 5 (4.5) |
| 2 | 58 (35.4) | 38 (34.5) |
| 3 | 101 (61.6) | 67 (60.9) |
| Tumor grade (2004 WHO/ISUP classification) | ||
| Low | 33 (20.1) | 21 (19.1) |
| High | 131 (79.9) | 89 (80.9) |
| Pathologic T stage (missing) | 11 | 7 |
| Ta+T1 | 36 (20.8) | 25 (21.6) |
| T2 | 45 (26.0) | 30 (25.9) |
| T3+T4 | 89 (51.4) | 50 (43.1) |
| Carcinoma in situ only | 3 (1.7) | 2 (1.7) |
| Carcinoma in situ | 29 (15.9) | 18 (14.6) |
| Lymphovascular invasion | 50 (28.3) | 35 (30.0) |
| Tumor necrosis | 15 (8.2) | 12 (9.8) |
| Pathologic N stage (missing) | 4 | 3 |
| Nx | 106 (58.9) | 68 (56.7) |
| N0 | 59 (32.8) | 39 (32.5) |
| N1+N2 | 15 (8.3) | 13 (10.8) |
| Tumor size (>2.5 cm) | 132 (73.3) | 92 (75.4) |
| Resection margin positive (positive) | 33 (18.3) | 23 (18.7) |
| Survival outcomes | ||
| Bladder recurrence | 64 (34.8) | 37 (30.1) |
| Time to bladder recurrence (mo) | 19.00 (0.00–160.00) | 20.00 (0.00–154.00) |
| Progression | 54 (29.3) | 36 (29.3) |
| Time to progression (mo) | 38.50 (0.00–160.00) | 39.00 (0.00–159.00) |
| Cancer-specific death | 23 (12.5) | 13 (10.6) |
| Time to cancer-specific survival (mo) | 67.00 (0.00–160.00) | 62.00 (0.00–159.00) |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 75 (40.8) | 49 (39.8) |
| Palliative chemotherapy | 30 (16.3) | 20 (16.3) |
Values are presented as median (range), number (%), or number only.
BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; WHO, World Health Organization; ISUP, International Society of Urologic Pathologists; -, not applicable.