Table 3. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for disease progression among the 184 patients and the 123 patients without a history of bladder cancer.

Variable	Total data set (n=184)		No previous bladder cancer (n=123)
	Multivariate		Multivariate
	HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Intravesical instillation history	0.290 (0.087–0.964)	0.0434	0.264 (0.076–0.917)	0.0361
Smoking status
Never smokers	1 (Ref.)
Former smokers	1.264 (0.576–2.775)	0.5593
Active smokers	0.367 (0.143–0.946)	0.0381
Hemoglobin	0.916 (0.717–1.170)	0.4824	0.913 (0.667–1.249)	0.5679
Lymphocyte	0.990 (0.960–1.021)	0.5103	0.996 (0.957–1.036)	0.8325
Platelet	0.998 (0.992–1.003)	0.4123
Calcium			1.135 (0.296–4.359)	0.8534
Albumin	0.784 (0.354–1.736)	0.5489	0.517 (0.090–2.978)	0.4602
Alanine transaminase			1.002 (0.973–1.032)	0.8965
Concomitant bladder lesion	2.355 (1.033–5.370)	0.0417
Tumor location
Single renal pelvic site	1 (Ref.)
Single ureter site	1.295 (0.608–2.757)	0.5024
Multiple sites	1.462 (0.559–3.825)	0.4392
Multifocality			4.823 (1.457–15.969)	0.0100
Tumor grade (2004 WHO/ISUP classification)
Low	1 (Ref.)
High	0.625 (0.224–1.740)	0.3680
Pathologic T stage
Ta+T1	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
T2	5.199 (1.003–26.942)	0.0496	5.378 (0.593–48.803)	0.1349
T3+T4	13.281 (2.708–65.144)	0.0014	10.899 (1.342–88.535)	0.0254
Carcinoma in situ only	0.000 (0.000–NA)	0.9900	0.000 (0.000–NA)	0.9922
Carcinoma in situ	1.025 (0.458–2.294)	0.9529	1.209 (0.490–2.984)	0.6806
Lymphovascular invasion	0.873 (0.429–1.776)	0.7081	1.237 (0.570–2.684)	0.5912
Tumor necrosis	1.449 (0.441–4.758)	0.5411
Pathologic N stage (Nx)	1 (Ref.)		1 (Ref.)
N0	0.613 (0.291–1.292)	0.1984	0.519 (0.210–1.284)	0.1559
N1+N2	1.452 (0.424–4.979)	0.5527	1.554 (0.536–4.504)	0.4170
Resection margin positive			1.610 (0.546–4.741)	0.3878
Bladder recurrence	1.264 (0.409–3.901)	0.6839

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref., reference; WHO, World Health Organization; ISUP, International Society of Urologic Pathologists; NA, not applicable.