Table 2. Risks of Incident Glucose Abnormality and High Blood Pressure by Body Weight Status During 4-Year Follow-up Among 3204 Chinese Adultsa.
| Outcome | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| MHN Group (n = 2981) | MHO Group (n = 223) | |
| Glucose Level Abnormality | ||
| Participants, No. (%) | 2981 (93.0) | 223 (7.0) |
| Incident cases, No. (%) | 119 (81.5) | 27 (18.5) |
| Age- and sex-adjusted model | 1 [Reference] | 2.47 (1.62-3.77) |
| Multiple-adjusted modelb | 1 [Reference] | 2.36 (1.52-3.64) |
| Further adjusting for baseline hs-CRP | 1 [Reference] | 2.36 (1.52-3.68) |
| Further adjusting for baseline HOMA indexc | 1 [Reference] | 2.58 (1.65-4.04) |
| High Blood Pressure | ||
| Participants, No. (%) | 2981 (93.0) | 223 (7.0) |
| Incident cases, No. (%) | 185 (84.1) | 35 (15.9) |
| Age- and sex-adjusted model | 1 [Reference] | 2.18 (1.52-3.14) |
| Multiple-adjusted modelb | 1 [Reference] | 1.73 (1.18-2.53) |
| Further adjusting for baseline hs-CRP | 1 [Reference] | 1.65 (1.12-2.44) |
| Further adjusting for baseline HOMA indexc | 1 [Reference] | 1.83 (1.23-2.71) |
Abbreviations: HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; HR, hazard ratio; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MHN, metabolically healthy normal weight; MHO, metabolically healthy overweight.
Metabolically healthy overweight was defined as a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 24.0 in 2013 (baseline) and 2014, and the remaining participants were considered metabolically healthy normal weight.
Multiple-adjusted model was adjusted for the following: age; sex; systolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure; fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and uric acid levels; and estimated glomerular filtration rate.
The HOMA index was calculated as follows: HOMA index = [fasting serum insulin × fasting glucose]/22.5.