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. 2019 Aug 5;28:107–119. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.003

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Novel object recognition test analysis showed a deficit in longer-term recognition memory in STZ-diabetic rats (ITI of 1 h) that was prevented by insulin treatment (Study 2). A) All experimental groups showed no evidence of object preference (L:left and R:right) during the Acquisition (Ac) phase B) Control (n = 10) and insulin-treated diabetic rats (n = 7) explored the novel (N) object significantly more than the familiar (F) object (*p < 0.05), whereas the untreated-diabetic rats (n = 9) showed no evidence of object preference during the retention (R) phase. C) The discrimination index reveals control and insulin-treated diabetic rats preferentially explored the novel object significantly more than the diabetic untreated rats (*p < 0.05). D) In both phases the diabetic untreated rats displayed significantly reduced locomotor activity compared to control (*p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001) and insulin-treated diabetic rats (**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001). E) Total exploration time did not differ significantly between experimental groups. All data are represented as mean ± standard deviation. Data are analyzed by paired t-test between L and R (A) or F and N (B), one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (C), or two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (D&E).