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. 2019 Aug 5;28:107–119. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.003

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Pyridoxamine treatment improved recognition memory in diabetic rats. All experimental groups showed no evidence of object preference in the Acquisition phase of study 3 (A) and study 4(B). Control (n = 11 study 3 and n = 12 study 4) and pyridoxamine-treated diabetic rats (n = 9 study 3; n = 14 study 4) explored the novel object significantly more than the familiar one (C&D: **p < 0.01 study 3; ****p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001 study 4), whereas the untreated-diabetic rats (n = 10 study 3 and n = 10 study 4) showed no evidence of object preference in the retention phase. Discrimination indices are shown (E&F: study 3 ***p < 0.001; *p < 0.05; study 4 **p < 0.001; *p < 0.05). All experimental groups displayed significantly similar levels of exploratory activity in both the acquisition and retention phases (p > 0.05) for both studies (G&H). All data are represented as mean ± standard deviation. Acquisition phase (A&B) and retention phase (C&D) data analyzed using paired t-test between L and R (A&B) or F and N (C&D) for each experimental group. Discrimination index (E, F) data analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Total exploration time (G&H) data analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test.