TK-NOG mice are injected with ganciclovir (GCV) at a dose of 6 mg/kg, 2x a day, on day −7 and day −5, followed by a treosulfan injection on days −3, −2 and −1. To screen the mice for the transplantation (Tx), an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) assay is performed one day before the surgery, and mice with ALT levels of >200 and <600 U/L are selected. After transplantation, the mice are checked for a reconstitution of the human immune system by flow cytometry (FACS) and for liver reconstitution by assessing their albumin level using ELISA. The mice are infected with HIV-1 5 weeks before they are sacrificed.