Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population at rest.
| Controls | ePH | PAH | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects | 26 | 26 | 26 | |
| Age, years | 58 ± 15 | 64 ± 13 | 70 ± 13* | < 0.01 |
| Females | 20 (77) | 17 (65) | 19 (73) | 0.64 |
| Body mass index | 25 ± 4.1 | 31 ± 6.4** | 29 ± 5.4* | < 0.01 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 14 ± 1.5 | 13.5 ± 1.6 | 13.5 ± 1.6 | 0.18 |
| Comorbidities and risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 9 (35) | 18 (69)* | 18 (69)* | 0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 (0) | 3 (12) | 7 (27)** | 0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia | 7 (27) | 10 (38) | 17 (65)* | 0.01 |
| Tobacco | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.13 |
| Resting supine hemodynamics | ||||
| RAP (mmHg) | 6 ± 2 | 6 ± 3 | 8 ± 4* | 0.03 |
| mPAP (mmHg) | 17 ± 3 | 22 ± 4** | 34 ± 6**,¶ | < 0.01 |
| PAWP (mmHg) | 10 ± 3 | 11 ± 3 | 12 ± 5* | 0.05 |
| CO (L/min) | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 4.5 ± 1α | 0.01 |
| CI (L/min/m2) | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 0.08 |
| PVR (WU) | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 1 | 5 ± 2.1**,¶ | < 0.01 |
Note: Data are presented as n, mean ± SD or n (%), unless otherwise stated.
*p < 0.05 compared with controls. **p < 0.01 compared with controls. ¶p < 0.01 comparing ePH versus PAH. αp < 0.05 comparing ePH versus PAH.
ePH: exercise pulmonary hypertension; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; RAP: right atrial pressure; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; PAWP: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; CO: cardiac output; CI: cardiac index; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance.