Table 2.
Upright invasive cardiopulmonary exercise data.
| Controls | ePH | PAH | ANOVA p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects | 26 | 26 | 26 | |
| Peak Work, Watts | 132 ± 45 | 92 ± 35** | 61 ± 42**,α | <0.01 |
| Peak heart rate, bpm | 149 ± 25 | 134 ± 26 | 118 ± 24** | <0.01 |
| Peak heart rate, % predicted | 90 ± 13 | 85 ± 13 | 79 ± 13** | 0.01 |
| Peak RER | 1.15 ± 0.1 | 1.14 ± 0.2 | 1.06 ± 0.1 | 0.07 |
| VE/VCO2 slope | 31.9 ± 5.5 | 32.8 ± 7.6 | 44 ± 18.2**,¶ | <0.01 |
| Peak VO2, % predicted | 96 ± 15 | 75 ± 16** | 68 ± 21** | <0.01 |
| Peak VO2, mL/kg/min | 23.0 ± 8.7 | 14.7 ± 4** | 12.5 ± 4.4** | <0.01 |
| VO2 at AT (%VO2max predicted) | 51 ± 11 | 42 ± 11* | 41 ± 10** | <0.01 |
| Peak CO, L/min | 12.1 ± 3.2 | 10.5 ± 2.5 | 8.4 ± 3.6**,α | <0.01 |
| Peak CO, % predicted | 103 ± 15 | 92 ± 19 | 86 ± 25* | 0.01 |
| Peak Ca-vO2, mL/dL | 13.1 ± 1.6 | 11.5 ± 2.0* | 11.2 ± 2.1** | 0.01 |
| Peak CaO2, mL/dL | 19.3 ± 1.9 | 17.6 ± 2.3* | 16.6 ± 2.1** | 0.01 |
| Peak DO2, mL/min | 2323 ± 804 | 1870 ± 529* | 1421 ± 669** | <0.01 |
| Peak RAP, mmHg | 5 ± 3 | 8 ± 4* | 10 ± 5** | <0.01 |
| Peak mPAP, mmHg | 25 ± 7 | 41 ± 8** | 48 ± 13**,α | <0.01 |
| Peak PAWP, mmHg | 10 ± 4 | 13 ± 4 | 16 ± 6** | <0.01 |
| Peak TPG, mmHg | 15 ± 6 | 28 ± 7** | 32 ± 12** | <0.01 |
| Peak PVR, WU | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.8** | 4.5 ± 2.2**,¶ | <0.01 |
| Peak PVC, mL/mmHg | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.6* | 1.6 ± 0.8**,¶ | <0.01 |
Note: Data are presented as n, mean ± SD or n (%), unless otherwise stated.
*p < 0.05 compared with controls. **p < 0.01 compared with controls. ¶p < 0.01 comparing ePH versus PAH. αp < 0.05 comparing ePH versus PAH.
ePH: exercise pulmonary hypertension; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; RER: respiratory exchange ratio; VE/VCO2 slope: ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide; VO2: maximum oxygen consumption; AT: anaerobic threshold; CO: cardiac output; Ca-vO2: arterial-venous oxygen content difference; CaO2: arterial oxygen content; DO2: oxygen delivery; RAP: right atrial pressure; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; PAWP: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; TPG: transpulmonary gradient; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; PVC: pulmonary vascular compliance.