Exosome-Mediated Delivery of Gapmer Enters Human Nasal Cells and Increases Expression of CFTR
(A) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of exosomes isolated from the culture medium of A549 cells. Exosomes were measured by using a Nanosight NS-300 system in the supernatant from culture cells. The histogram represents particle size distribution. (B) Confocal analysis of uptake of gapmer10-Cy5 electroporated exosomes into nasal cells. (C) Real-time qPCR of CFTR mRNA levels in nasal cells from healthy donor-WT and (D) nasal cells from a CF patient with F508del mutation treated with exosome package gapmer 10 (G10) or scramble (Scr). (E and F) CFTR ELISA was carried out for CFTR protein expression in human nasal cells treated with exosomes carrying BGas-gapmer 10 (G10) or control scramble (Scr) from (E) healthy donor-WT and (F) nasal cells from a CF patient with F508del mutation. Scale bar, 20 μm. Experiments were performed in triplicate in cells shown with the SEMs and p values from a paired two-sided t test, *p = 0.001, **p < 0.05.