. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 31.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Jul 13;67(10):2134–2138. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16069

Table 1.

Within-Person Change in Agitated and/or Aggressive Behaviors Before and After Music & Memory Intervention

	Mean (SE)
Variable	Frequency of behaviors at baseline visit	Frequency of behaviors at follow-up visit	Average within-person difference in frequency of behaviors	Average within-person % change in frequency of behaviors
Direct observation (N = 31) (Agitated Behavior Mapping Instrument [study range = 0-22])^a	4.1 (3.0)	4.4 (2.3)^b 1.6 (1.5)^c	−2.8 (2.3)^d	−60
Staff interview (N = 34) (Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory [study range = 29-103])^a	61.2 (16.3)	51.2 (16.1)	−10.0 (18.9)^d	−16
Administrative data (N = 25) (Minimum Data Set–Aggressive Behavior Scale [study range = 0-7])^a	0.7 (1.5)	0.6 (1.6)	−0.1 (1.2)	−14

Note: Causality was not implied.

Higher scores on measure indicate worse (more frequent) behaviors.

Frequency of behaviors when not using the music.

Frequency of behaviors when using the music.

P < .01, paired t-test with continuity correction.