Table 5.1.
The major epigenetic mechanisms and related epigenetic factors
| Epigenetic mechanisms | Related epigenetic factors |
|---|---|
| DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation | S-adenosyl-l-methionine |
| DNA methyltransferase enzymes | |
| Methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins | |
| Ten-eleven translocation enzymes | |
| Thymine DNA glycosylase | |
| Apolipoprotein B editing catalytic subunit/activation-induced deaminase (APOBEC/AID) cytidine deaminase enzymes | |
| Histone modifications, nucleosome remodeling/repositioning, and higher-order chromatin reorganization | Canonic and variant histone proteins |
| Histone-modifying enzymes | |
| Adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes | |
| Polycomb proteins | |
| Trithorax proteins | |
| Bromodomain-containing proteins | |
| Chromodomain-containing proteins | |
| RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) and REST corepressor 1–3 (RCOR1–3) | |
| Noncoding RNAs | MicroRNAs |
| Endogenous short-interfering RNAs | |
| PIWI-interacting RNAs | |
| Argonaute proteins | |
| Small nucleolar RNAs | |
| Long ncRNAs | |
| RNA editing | Adenosine deaminase that act on RNA enzymes |
| APOBEC/AID cytidine deaminase enzymes |