Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies of antenatal depression and postnatal depression in HIV-infected women compared with controls

Study (Author, year of publication)	Country and location	N	Type of study	Time of assessment	Instrument and cutoff value	HIV+	Controls	Number with depression in HIV+ group	Number with depression in control group
Antenatal
Bonacquisti et al., 2014 [25]	America, Urban, 1 obstetrics/gynecology clinic	163	Case-control study	24 weeks	CES-D ≥ 16	50	113	18	41
Collin et al., 2006 [26]	Zambia, Urban, 1 antenatal clinic	181	Cross-sectional	33 weeks	SRQ-20 ≥ 7	89	92	20	20
Malqvist et al., 2016 [27]	Swaziland, Peri-urban	973	Cross-sectional	3rd trimester of pregnancy	EPDS≥13	412	561	105	117
Manikkam and Burns, 2012 [28]	South Africa, Urban, Antenatal clinic at tertiary hospital	378	Cross-sectional	28.6 weeks mean	EPDS≥13	104	201	44	66
Manongi et al., 2017 [29]	Tanzania, Semi-urban, Antenatal care clinic	1116	Cross-sectional	24 weeks	EPDS≥13	38	1078	11	117
Natamba et al., 2014 [30]	Uganda, Urban, 1 antenatal care clinic other public medical facilities	123	Case-control study	18 weeks	CES-D ≥ 16	36	87	19	25
Nydoo et al., 2017 [20]	South Africa, Urban, 2 antenatal clinics	102	Cross-sectional	1st trimester of pregnancy	EPDS≥13	40	62	2	8
Osok et al., 2018 [21]	Kenyan, Rural, Maternal child health clinic	176	Cross-sectional	Not provided	EPDS≥13	14	162	13	45
Rochat et al., 2011 [31]	South Africa, Rural, 1 primary health care clinic	109	Cross-sectional	second half of pregnancy	SCID	49	60	27	24
Rubin et al., 2011 [32]	America, Urban, 6 clinic sites	244	Longitudinal	≤10 months before delivery	CES-D ≥ 16	139	105	47	40
Stranix-Chibanda et al., 2005 [33]	Zimbabwe, Peri-urban, 3 antenatal clinics	437	Cross-sectional	3rd trimester of pregnancy	SSQ ≥ 8	62	212	12	35
Thomas et al., 2017 [34]	South Africa, Rural, 2 primary health care clinics	899	Cohort study	28–32 weeks	EPDS≥13	192	707	51	174
Tomlinson et al., 2018 [35]	South Africa, Urban, Community sample	1241	randomised controlled trial	26 weeks	EPDS>13	295	943	113	320
Postnatal
Aaron et al., 2015 [36]	America, Urban, 1 obstetrics/gynecology clinic	162	Case-control study	6 months	CES-D > 16	49	113	15	25
Chersich et al., 2008 [37]	Kenya, Urban, a pediatric clinic in provincial hospital	500	Cross-sectional	1 year	ICD-10	54	446	2	6
Chibanda et al., 2014 [38]	Zimbabwe, Peri-urban, 2 postnatal clinics	210	Cross-sectional	6–8 weeks	EPDS≥11	31	148	14	35
Collin et al., 2006 [26]	Zambia, Urban, 1 antenatal clinic	181	Cross-sectional	7 days	SRQ-20 ≥ 7	89	92	4	6
Cyimana et al., 2010 [39]	Zambia, Urban, University teaching tertiary hospital	229	Cross-sectional	2–6 weeks	EPDS≥13	46	183	17	47
Dow et al., 2014 [40]	Malawi, Urban primary clinic and peri-urban clinic	492	Longitudinal	10–14 weeks	EPDS≥12	338	154	39	15
Mokhele et al., 2019 [41]	South Africa, N/A, Midwife Obstetric Units	1151	Cross-sectional	1 month	CES-D 10 ≥ 10	690	461	70	50
Okronipa et al., 2012 [42]	Ghana, Rural, 3 prenatal clinics	328	Cross-sectional	6 months	EPDS≥13	152	176	26	5
Rubin et al., 2011 [32]	America, Urban, 6 clinic sites	244	Longitudinal	≤12 months after delivery	CES-D ≥ 16	139	105	43	37
Stewart et al., 2008 [43]	Malawi, Rural, Child health clinic at government hospital	501	Cross-sectional	9.9 month mean	SRQ-20 ≥ 8	57	257	25	67

Abbreviations: CES-D Centre for Epidemiologic Surveys for Depression, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, HIV+ HIV positive, ICD-10 International Classification of Diseases-10 depression inventory (Major Depression Inventory), SCID Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, SRQ-20 Self-Reporting Questionnaire, SSQ Shona Symptom Questionnaire