Table 1.

Partial Current Literature on BALF-EVs in Lung Diseases

Diseases/processes	Main conclusion	Author/Journal
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)	Increased BALF-EVs function as carriers for WNT5A, and contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF	Martin-Medina et al.; AJRCCM 2018, Jul 25.
Asthma/COPD Bronchoconstriction	Mediate leukotriene conversion LTC4-LTD4	Lukic et al.; J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1659–69
Allergic Asthma	Leukotriene/cytokine production	Torregrosa Paredes et al.; Allergy. 2012 Jul;67(7):911–9
Allergy and vaccination	EVs can potentially induce tolerance	Prado et al.; J. Immunology 2008. 181
Asthma	EV-lipid profile as a biomarker	Hough et al.; Sci Report, 2018 10,340
COPD	EVs from PMN regulate the pathogenesis	Genschmer et al. Cell. 2019 Jan 10
Sarcoidosis	BALF EVs from sarcoidosis patients carry pro-inflammatory effects.	Qazi et al.; Thorax, 2010; 65
Lung transplant Acute rejection	The BALF EV profiles are altered in patients with acute rejection	Gregson et al.; AJRCCM 2015, Dec.15
Lung Cancer	BALF EVs contribute to lung cancer growth	Yang et al.: Frontier in Oncology 2019; April 12
Early stage Lung Ca	BALF EVs as a diagnostic marker	Kim et al.: Chest 2016 Oct Vol 150–4
Lung Cancer	Biomarker of cancer growth	Yang et al
ARDS	BALF-EV-miRNAs mediate inflammation and ALI	Sheller et al.: J Infectious Dis. 2019. Jan. 19th
Lung Injury	BALF-EV-miRNAs mediate sterile stimuli-associated ALI.	Lee et al.: J Immunology 2018
Pneumonia/sepsis	Macrophage-derived EVs regulate inflammation.	Soni et al. Thorax.2016 June 10
Pulmonary Hypertension	Exosomal 15-LO2 mediates hypoxia-mediated HTN	Zhang et al. Cell Death Dis. 2018 Oct 3;9(10):1022