Table 3. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with probable anxiety among pregnant women living with HIV (n = 199).
| Variables | Probable anxiety | cOR (95%CI) | p-value | aOR(95%CI) | p-value | |
| No(n = 150) n(%) |
Yes(n = 49) n(%) |
|||||
| Education level attained | ||||||
| Primary/No formal | 84 (71.8) | 33 (28.2) | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) | 0.163 | 1.5(0.6–3.4) | 0.363 |
| Secondary and above | 66 (80.5) | 16 (19.5) | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 135 (78.9) | 36 (21.0) | ||||
| Single | 15 (53.6) | 13 (46.4) | 3.2 (1.4–7.4) | 0.005 | 3.6 (1.1–11.1) | 0.027 |
| Income-earning activities | ||||||
| None | 43 (71.7) | 17 (28.3) | 1.3 (0.7–2.6) | 0.426 | ||
| Informal/Formal | 107 (77.0) | 32 (23.0) | ||||
| First pregnancy | ||||||
| Yes | 30 (69.8) | 13 (30.2) | 1.4 (0.7–3.0) | 0.336 | ||
| No | 120 (76.9) | 36 (23.1) | ||||
| HIV diagnosis | ||||||
| New diagnosis | 71 (76.3) | 22 (23.7) | ||||
| Established diagnosis | 79 (74.5) | 27 (25.5) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 0.767 | ||
| Partner recent test | ||||||
| HIV-negative/Unknown | 101 (73.2) | 37 (26.8) | 1.5 (0.7–3.1) | 0.283 | ||
| HIV-infected | 49 (80.3) | 12 (19.7) | ||||
| Disclosure to anyone | ||||||
| No | 32 (78.0) | 9 (22.0) | ||||
| Yes | 118(74.7) | 40 (25.3) | 1.2 (0.5–2.7) | 0.748 | ||
| Food Insecurity (FHI) | ||||||
| Never | 107 (81.1) | 25 (18.9) | ||||
| Sometimes | 43 (64.2) | 24 (35.8) | 2.4 (1.2–4.6) | 0.010 | 1.2 (0.5–2.8) | 0.676 |
| Ever experienced violence | ||||||
| No | 107 (82.9) | 22 (17.1) | ||||
| Yes | 43 (61.4) | 27 (38.6) | 3.0 (1.6–5.9) | 0.001 | 2.3 (1.0–5.1) | 0.045 |
| Variables | Median(IQR) | Median(IQR) | cOR(95%CI) | p-value | aOR(95%CI) | p-value |
| Age in years | 30.5 (26–35) | 28 (24–35) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.153 | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.445 |
| Social support(PAS) | 29(24–34) | 27 (23–31.5) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.104 | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.566 |
| HIV Shame | 15.5(11–21.2) | 28 (17–34.5) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | <0.001 | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | <0.001 |
| Enacted stigma | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–2) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 0.011 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.205 |
| Attitude about pregnancy | 16 (12.4–19) | 14(9.5–19) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.081 | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.351 |
crude odds ratio, cOR; adjusted odds ratio, aOR
adjusted for level of education, marital status, perceived availability of social support, HIV shame, enacted stigma and attitude about current pregnancy
One participant did not complete anxiety screening instrument (BSI)