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. 2019 Sep 19;36(11):3154–3165. doi: 10.1007/s12325-019-01085-3

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Fumaric acid ester metabolism. a Upon oral administration, DMF undergoes esterase cleavage before systemic circulation to produce the major metabolites MMF and methanol. b DRF undergoes esterase cleavage to produce the major metabolites MMF and HES and the minor metabolites RDC-8439 and methanol. DMF dimethyl fumarate, DRF diroximel fumarate, HES 2-hydroxyethyl succinimide, MMF monomethyl fumarate