Table 5.

Up-regulated or down-regulated proteins and their genes (if identified) in keratoconus

Up-regulated proteins	Gene [reference]	Down-regulated proteins	Gene [reference]
Collagen type XV	COL15 [28]	Collagen	12, 26
Inflammatory mediators	47, 51, 52	Collagen type I, II, IV	COL1A1, COL1A2, COL2A1 [26]
Proinflammatory cytokines	47, 51, 52	COL4A1	COL4A1 [35]
Cell adhesion molecules	47, 51, 52	a1-PI (a1 proteinase inhibitor)	14, 28
MMPs	47, 51, 52	a2 Macroglobulin	A2 M [14, 50]
Degradative enzymes	14	Inhibitors of cellular proteases	14
Acid phosphatases	14	Aldehyde dehydrogenase	ALDH [14]
Acid esterases	14	Superoxide dismutase	SOD [14]
Acid lipases	14	Decorin	DCN [58, 84]
Cathepsin B	CTSB [14, 50]	Keratocan	KERA [58, 84]
Cathepsin G	CTSG [14, 50]	Lumican (LUM)	LUM [58, 84]
Cellular proteases	14	Biglycan	BGN [58, 84]
Nitrotyrosine malonaldehyde	14	KS (Keratan sulfate) antigenicity- central corneal	KERA [59]
Glutathione S transferase (GSTs)	GST [14]	Collagen type IV	COL4A1, COL4A2, COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5, COL4A6 [28]
iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase)	NOS1, NOS2, NOS3 [14]	IGF-2 transcripts	IGF2 [94]
GAG (glycosaminoglycan) polyanions	84	IGKC (immunoglobulin kappa chain)	IGKC [44]
(AZGP1) zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein	AZGP1 [69]	Lactoferrin (LF)	LTF [44]
GCDFP15 (gross cystic disease fluid protein 15)-prolactin-inducible protein (PIP)	PIP [64, 69]
SP1 (specificity protein 1)	SP1 [73]
Amyloid deposits	72
BMP4 (bone morphogenic protein 4)	BMP4 [21, 86, 87]
TGF	TGFBI [21, 86, 87]
HSPGs (heparan sulfate proteoglycans)	HSPG2 [83, 85]
IL-1	IL1α, IL1β [87, 89]
IGFBP (IGF binding proteins) 3 and 5	IGFBP3, IGFBP5 [94]
DUSPs (dual-specificity phosphatases)	(DUSP) [95]
MKPs (mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases)	(MAPK) [95, 96]
TNF-a	TNF [44, 47, 51, 52]
ANGPTL7 (angiopoietin-related protein 7)	ANGPTL7 [84]
TIMP3	TIMP3 [81, 142]
MMP2	MMP2 [14]
MMP9	MMP9 [55]