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. 2019 Oct 15;10:1265. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01265

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Copyright © 2019 Pavlovic, Panseri, Giupponi, Leoni, Citti, Cattaneo, Cavaletto and Giorgi

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Biosynthesis of main phytocannabinoids. Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), synthetized from geranyl diphosphate and olivetolic acid, is the central precursor of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ9-THCA), cannabidiolilc acid (CBDA), and cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), which contain an n-pentyl side chain. Decarboxylation of acidic precursors gives respectively Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabichromene (CBC). Cannabinol (CBN) and cannabinolic acid (CBNA) are formed by non-enzymatic oxidation of THC(A), while cannabielsoin (CBE) and cannabielsoinic acid (CBEA) are produced by intramolecular CBD(A) modifications.