Table 4.
Multivariable Models Examining Perception of Heroin Use Not Being a Great Risk According to Number of Drugs Used and Recency of Use
| Trying Heroin 1–2x is Not a Great Risk | Using Heroin 1–2x per Week is Not a Great Risk | |
|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Number of Drugs Used in Lifetime | ||
| 1–2 drugs | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0 drugs | 1.93 (1.78, 2.09) *** | 2.02 (1.78, 2.28) *** |
| 3–4 drugs | 0.57 (0.51, 0.64) *** | 0.46 (0.40, 0.53) *** |
| 5+ drugs | 0.42 (0.37, 0.48) *** | 0.35 (0.30, 0.41) *** |
| Number of Drugs Used in Past Year | ||
| 1–2 drugs | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0 drugs | 1.72 (1.59, 1.86) *** | 1.94 (1.70, 2.23) *** |
| 3–4 drugs | 0.54 (0.46, 0.63) *** | 0.53 (0.44, 0.62) *** |
| 5+ drugs | 0.56 (0.47, 0.66) *** | 0.66 (0.46, 0.95) * |
| Number of Drugs Used in Past Month | ||
| 1–2 drugs | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0 drugs | 1.68 (1.56, 1.82) *** | 2.02 (1.82, 2.25) *** |
| 3–4 drugs | 0.54 (0.45, 0.66) *** | 0.67 (0.50, 0.89) ** |
| 5+ drugs | 0.97 (0.66, 1.41) | 0.61 (0.29, 1.29) |
| Alcohol | ||
| Never Used | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Used in Lifetime, but not in Past Year | 1.07 (0.82, 1.39) | 0.83 (0.64, 1.09) |
| Used in Past Year, but not in Past Month | 0.98 (0.73, 1.34) | 0.80 (0.58, 1.10) |
| Used in Past Month | 0.83 (0.64, 1.07) | 0.57 (0.43, 0.75) *** |
| Marijuana | ||
| Never Used | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Used in Lifetime, but not in Past Year | 0.55 (0.49, 0.62) *** | 0.46 (0.39, 0.53) *** |
| Used in Past Year, but not in Past Month | 0.50 (0.41, 0.62) *** | 0.45 (0.36, 0.56) *** |
| Used in Past Month | 0.43 (0.36, 0.52) *** | 0.43 (0.37, 0.51) *** |
| Cocaine | ||
| Never Used | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Used in Lifetime, but not in Past Year | 0.70 (0.58, 0.84) *** | 0.77 (0.60, 0.99) * |
| Used in Past Year, but not in Past Month | 0.68 (0.55, 0.85) ** | 1.18 (0.78, 1.78) |
| Used in Past Month | 0.55 (0.42, 0.73) *** | 0.88 (0.53, 1.48) |
| Crack | ||
| Never Used | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Used in Lifetime, but not in Past Year | 1.06 (0.81, 1.38) | 1.49 (1.00, 2.22) * |
| Used in Past Year, but not in Past Month | 2.73 (1.26, 5.93) * | 3.96 (1.21, 12.94) * |
| Used in Past Month | 0.88 (0.33, 2.37) | 1.58 (0.45, 5.52) |
| LSD | ||
| Never Used | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Used in Lifetime, but not in Past Year | 0.92 (0.78, 1.08) | 0.77 (0.56, 1.07) |
| Used in Past Year, but not in Past Month | 0.71 (0.53, 0.95) * | 0.79 (0.53, 1.17) |
| Used in Past Month | 1.06 (0.61, 1.83) | 0.62 (0.31, 1.27) |
| Ecstasy | ||
| Never Used | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Used in Lifetime, but not in Past Year | 0.97 (0.83, 1.13) | 0.94 (0.76, 1.18) |
| Used in Past Year, but not in Past Month | 0.85 (0.66, 1.09) | 1.10 (0.75, 1.61) |
| Used in Past Month | 1.03 (0.65, 1.65) | 0.39 (0.18, 0.84) * |
| Ketamine | ||
| Never Used | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Used in Lifetime, but not in Past Year | 1.15 (0.87, 1.52) | 1.14 (0.71, 1.81) |
| Used in Past Year, but not in Past Month | 1.40 (0.69, 2.85) | 2.76 (0.93, 8.16) |
| Used in Past Month | 1.86 (0.65, 5.29) | 2.13 (0.51, 8.94) |
| Methamphetamine | ||
| Never Used | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Used in Lifetime, but not in Past Year | 1.09 (0.91, 1.31) | 1.59 (1.22, 2.07) ** |
| Used in Past Year, but not in Past Month | 1.55 (0.84, 2.84) | 4.97 (2.58, 9.59) *** |
| Used in Past Month | 1.59 (0.97, 2.59) | 3.30 (1.86, 5.86) *** |
| Prescription Opioids (Misuse) | ||
| Never Misused | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Misused in Lifetime, but not in Past Year | 1.32 (1.12, 1.55) ** | 1.20 (0.97, 1.48) |
| Misused in Past Year, but not in Past Month | 1.38 (1.21, 1.58) *** | 1.87 (1.44, 2.42) *** |
| Misused in Past Month | 1.37 (1.12, 1.69) ** | 2.14 (1.50, 3.05) *** |
| Prescription Stimulants (Misuse) | ||
| Never Used | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Used in Lifetime, but not in Past Year | 1.05 (0.84, 1.31) | 0.96 (0.69, 1.33) |
| Used in Past Year, but not in Past Month | 0.76 (0.63, 0.92)** | 0.80 (0.57, 1.11) |
| Used in Past Month | 1.19 (0.90, 1.55) | 1.33 (0.81, 2.20) |
| Tranquilizers (Misuse) | ||
| Never Misused | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Misused in Lifetime, but not in Past Year | 1.22 (0.99, 1.51) | 1.18 (0.80, 1.74) |
| Misused in Past Year, but not in Past Month | 1.14 (0.88, 1.48) | 1.18 (0.90, 1.56) |
| Misused in Past Month | 0.91 (0.69, 1.20) | 1.11 (0.59, 2.12) |
| Sedatives (Misuse) | ||
| Never Used | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Used in Lifetime, but not in Past Year | 1.35 (1.07, 1.72)* | 0.94 (0.61, 1.43) |
| Used in Past Year, but not in Past Month | 1.25 (0.84, 1.85) | 1.59 (1.03, 2.47) * |
| Used in Past Month | 2.40 (1.36, 4.26)** | 1.07 (0.43, 2.70) |
Note. aOR = adjusted odds ratio, CI = confidence interval. Estimates derived from multivariable models control for all covariates in Table 1. Each drug use variable was examined in a separate multivariable model.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001