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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Jul 8;86(11):811–819. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.06.026

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Heroin self-administration and cue-induced heroin seeking. (A) Representative transfection of astroglia in the NAcore with an AAV driving membrane-bound mCherry under the GFAP promoter. Low magnification (left) shows multiple filled astroglia adjacent to the anterior commissure (ac; bar=150 μm), and high magnification (right) shows a single astrocyte (bar=10 μm). (B) Outline of the protocol used throughout the manuscript. (C) Active lever pressing during heroin self-administration and extinction training (see Supplemental Figure S2 for inactive lever pressing). Inset shows that the treatment groups infused the same total amount of heroin (1-way ANOVA, F(2,13)= 0.84, p= 0.455). (D) 15 or 120 min of cue-induced reinstatement elevated active lever pressing compared to the first 15 min of the final extinction trial (15 min-paired Student’s t(5)= 3.77, p= 0.013; 120 min- 2-way repeated measures ANOVA treatment F(1,3)= 10.06, p= 0.050). Data shown as mean±sem.