Comparison 5. Low‐back pain with radiation, traction versus placebo, sham or no treatment.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Pain intensity	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 1‐2 weeks	2	79	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.93 [‐14.73, 20.59]
1.2 3‐5 weeks	1	39	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2 Global improvement	5		Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 1‐2 weeks	4	398	Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.13 [0.04, 0.22]
2.2 3‐5 weeks	2	123	Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.27 [0.12, 0.43]
2.3 12‐16 weeks	1	81	Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.06 [‐0.16, 0.28]
3 Return to work	1		Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.1 2 years	1	39	Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.15 [‐0.15, 0.45]