Comparison 1.
PD+/‐AGORAPHOBIA: Psychotherapy+Antidepressant vs Antidepressant alone
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Response at 2‐4 months | 11 | 669 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.24 [1.02, 1.51] |
| 1.1 Behaviour therapy | 4 | 193 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.80, 1.40] |
| 1.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 5 | 336 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.46 [1.05, 2.02] |
| 1.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 2 | 140 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.10 [0.65, 1.85] |
| 2 Remission at 2‐4 months | 7 | 506 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.12 [0.84, 1.48] |
| 2.1 Behaviour therapy | 2 | 114 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.62, 1.51] |
| 2.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 3 | 252 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.40 [0.92, 2.14] |
| 2.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 2 | 140 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.86 [0.28, 2.61] |
| 3 Global severity at 2‐4 months | 5 | 336 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.36 [‐0.60, ‐0.11] |
| 3.1 Behaviour therapy | 2 | 90 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.51 [‐1.45, 0.44] |
| 3.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 2 | 206 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.30 [‐0.57, ‐0.02] |
| 3.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 1 | 40 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.69 [‐1.33, ‐0.05] |
| 4 Frequency of panic attacks at 2‐4 months | 8 | 355 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.20 [‐0.56, 0.16] |
| 4.1 Behaviour therapy | 4 | 138 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.15 [‐0.49, 0.19] |
| 4.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 3 | 125 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.46 [‐1.42, 0.50] |
| 4.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 2 | 92 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.03 [‐0.53, 0.59] |
| 5 Phobic avoidance at 2‐4 months | 9 | 357 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.32 [‐0.68, 0.05] |
| 5.1 Behaviour therapy | 4 | 138 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.53 [‐1.01, ‐0.06] |
| 5.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 3 | 127 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.25 [‐0.94, 0.44] |
| 5.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 2 | 92 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.01 [‐1.15, 1.13] |
| 6 General anxiety at 2‐4 months | 7 | 356 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.43 [‐0.88, 0.03] |
| 6.1 Behaviour therapy | 2 | 90 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.19 [‐0.60, 0.23] |
| 6.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 4 | 174 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.51 [‐1.20, 0.18] |
| 6.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 2 | 92 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.45 [‐2.12, 1.22] |
| 7 Depression at 2‐4 months | 8 | 281 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.52 [‐0.76, ‐0.28] |
| 7.1 Behaviour therapy | 4 | 138 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.35 [‐0.69, ‐0.01] |
| 7.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 3 | 103 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.65 [‐1.10, ‐0.20] |
| 7.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 1 | 40 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.79 [‐1.44, ‐0.14] |
| 8 Social malfunctioning at 2‐4 months | 6 | 246 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.47 [‐0.89, ‐0.05] |
| 8.1 Behavour therapy | 3 | 118 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.23 [‐0.85, 0.39] |
| 8.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 2 | 88 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.63 [‐1.39, 0.12] |
| 8.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 1 | 40 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.81 [‐1.46, ‐0.16] |
| 9 Dropouts for any reason within 2‐4 months | 11 | 669 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.96 [0.75, 1.23] |
| 9.1 Behaviour therapy | 4 | 193 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.21 [0.78, 1.88] |
| 9.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 5 | 336 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.77 [0.55, 1.08] |
| 9.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 2 | 140 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.30 [0.69, 2.45] |
| 10 Dropouts due to side effects within 2‐4 months | 6 | 345 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.45, 1.87] |
| 10.1 Behaviour therapy | 2 | 43 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.27, 3.58] |
| 10.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 3 | 262 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.81 [0.25, 2.68] |
| 10.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 1 | 40 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 3.00 [0.13, 69.52] |
| 11 Response/remission on continued treatment | 5 | 382 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.34 [0.75, 2.40] |
| 11.1 Behaviour therapy | 2 | 121 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.94 [1.10, 3.41] |
| 11.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 1 | 148 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.52 [1.07, 2.16] |
| 11.3 Psychdynamic psychotherapy and others | 2 | 113 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.67 [0.44, 1.02] |
| 12 Global/Avoidance/Panic on continued treatment | 5 | 286 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.48 [‐0.98, 0.01] |
| 12.1 Behaviour therapy | 2 | 48 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.91 [‐1.51, ‐0.30] |
| 12.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 1 | 148 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.41 [‐0.74, ‐0.09] |
| 12.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 2 | 90 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.20 [‐1.45, 1.04] |
| 13 Dropouts for any reason on continued treatment | 3 | 208 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.71 [0.27, 1.90] |
| 13.1 Behaviour therapy | 1 | 20 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.0 [0.07, 13.87] |
| 13.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 1 | 148 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.73 [0.22, 2.39] |
| 13.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 1 | 40 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.5 [0.05, 5.08] |
| 14 Response/remission immediately after treatment discontinuation | 1 | 50 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.85 [0.65, 1.11] |
| 14.1 Behaviour therapy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 14.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 14.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 1 | 50 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.85 [0.65, 1.11] |
| 15 Global/Avoidance/Panic immediately after treatment discontinuation | 1 | 50 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.42 [‐0.15, 0.99] |
| 15.1 Behaviour therapy | 0 | 0 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 0 | 0 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 1 | 50 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.42 [‐0.15, 0.99] |
| 16 Response/remission 6‐24 months after treatment discontinuation | 5 | 376 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.61 [1.23, 2.11] |
| 16.1 Behaviour therapy | 1 | 96 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.49 [0.95, 2.35] |
| 16.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 3 | 240 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.46 [1.00, 2.11] |
| 16.3 Other psychotherapies | 1 | 40 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 3.2 [1.45, 7.05] |
| 17 Global/Avoidance/Panic 6‐24 months after treatment discontinuation | 2 | 176 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.58 [‐1.78, 0.63] |
| 17.1 Behaviour therapy | 0 | 0 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17.2 Cognitive‐behaviour therapy | 1 | 136 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [‐0.34, 0.34] |
| 17.3 Psychodynamic psychotherapy and others | 1 | 40 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.23 [‐1.91, ‐0.55] |