de Beurs 1995

Methods	ALLOCATION CONCEALMENT: unclear BLINDING: at least one measure was assessed by an independent assessor blind to treatment allocation
Participants	DIAGNOSIS: DSM‐III‐R panic disorder with moderate to severe agoraphobia AGE: mean=38.8 SEX: 75% women HISTORY: mean duration of panic disorder=9.4 years PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY: Current major depression was included if it developed after panic disorder. Patients with psychotic disorders, organic mental disorders, or psychoactive substance use disorders were excluded. MEDICAL COMORBIDITY: Patients with severe medical illness, pregnant and lactating women were excluded.
Interventions	ACUTE PHASE: 12 weeks 1. fluvoxamine (100‐150 mg/day) + exposure (12 weekly sessions) 2. exposure alone 3. placebo + exposure 4. psychological panic management plus exposure (not used in the current meta‐analysis) ACUTE PHASE CO‐INTERVENTION: 18 out of 97 patients used benzo during the trial. Concomitant use of benzo was permitted when patients had been taking benzo for more than 3 months and were willing to keep use at a constant dosage during the trial. MAINTENANCE: None. MODE OF DISCONTINUATION: Continue the drug for the time being FOLLOW‐UP: at 24 months after trial termination. 74% was successfully followed up. INTERVENTIONS AFTER TRIAL DISCONTINUATION: 77% received additional treatment, equally divided over four arms
Outcomes	RESPONSE: >=50% reduction in FQ‐Ag [imputed from mean&SD] REMISSION: panic‐free GLOBAL: Global outcome (1‐9; the larger, the better) PANIC ATTACK: panic frequency AGORAPHOBIA: Agoraphobia composite, FQ‐Ag, Multi‐Task Behavioral Avoidence Test GENERAL ANXIETY: Somatic Anxeity composite DEPRESSION: Depression composite, BDI FUNCTIONING: ‐
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear