Fava 1997

Methods	ALLOCATION CONCEALMENT: unclear BLINDING: at least one measure was assessed by an independent assessor blind to treatment allocation
Participants	DIAGNOSIS: DSM‐IV panic disorder with agoraphobia AGE: mean=29.8 years SEX: 52% women HISTORY: mean duration of illness=3.5 years before start of first exposure therapy; resistant to twelve 30‐minute sessions for exposure PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY: Current major depression was excluded. 38% suffered from personality disorder. MEDICAL COMORBIDITY: ‐
Interventions	ACUTE PHASE: 8 weeks 1. imipramine (mean=72 mg/d) + behaviour therapy (eight 45‐minute sessions) 2. behaviour therapy alone 3. behaviour therapy plus congitive therapy (not used in the present meta‐analysis) ACUTE PHASE CO‐INTERVENTION: not specifid MAINTENANCE: None. MODE OF DISCONTINUATION: naturalistic FOLLOW‐UP: at 24 months after acute phase treatment. 57% was successfully followed up. INTERVENTIONS AFTER TRIAL DISCONTINUATION: Those who faild to respond received further 16 weeks of exposure with or without imipramine treatments.
Outcomes	RESPONSE: ‐ REMISSION: panic‐free for a month and 1or 2 on CID‐agoraphobia GLOBAL: ‐ PANIC ATTACK: CID‐panic AGORAPHOBIA: FQ‐Ag, CID‐Agoraphobia GENERAL ANXIETY: CID‐generalized anxiety DEPRESSION: CID‐depression FUNCTIONING: ‐
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear