Spinhoven 1996

Methods	ALLOCATION CONCEALMENT: unclear BLINDING: not blind
Participants	DIAGNOSIS: DSM‐III‐R panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (85% agoraphobic) AGE: mean=35.6 years SEX: 57% women HISTORY: mean duration of illness=6.2 years PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY: Psychosis, major depression, alcohol abuse or dependence were excluded. MEDICAL COMORBIDITY: Hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytome, bronchial asthma or angina were excluded.
Interventions	ACUTE PHASE: 6 weeks 1. tranzodone (mean=178 mg/d) + CBT (breathing retraining, progressive relaxation, catastrophic cognitions, voluntary hyperventilation, BUT NO in vivo exposure; 6 sessions) 2. tranzodone alone 3. CBT alone ACUTE PHASE CO‐INTERVENTION: 25 out of 60 patients were taking low potency benzo at the start of the study. They were required to keep the dosage constant throughout the study. MAINTENANCE: ‐ MODE OF DISCONTINUATION: ‐ FOLLOW‐UP: ‐
Outcomes	RESPONSE: >=50% reduction in agoraphobic avoidance [imputed from mean&SD] REMISSION: ‐ GLOBAL: ‐ PANIC ATTACK: panic frequency for two weeks; panic intensity [0‐10] AGORAPHOBIA: agoraphobic avoidance [0‐40]; agoraphobic anxiety [0‐40] GENERAL ANXIETY: ‐ DEPRESSION: Zung Depression Scale [20‐80] FUNCTIONING: ‐
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear