| Methods | ALLOCATION CONCEALMENT: unclear BLINDING: at least one measure was assessed by an independent assessor blind to treatment allocation | |
| Participants | DIAGNOSIS: authors' own criteria, similar to DSM‐III agoraphobia with panic attacks or DSM‐IV panic disorder with moderate to severe agoraphobia AGE: mean=35.5 years SEX: 65% women HISTORY: mean duration of illness=10.6 years PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY: Patients rated as more than moderately depressed on BPRS were excluded. MEDICAL COMORBIDITY: not specified | |
| Interventions | ACUTE PHASE: 26 weeks 1. imipramine (mean=204 mg/d) + supportive therapy (dynamically oriented and non‐directive) + behavior therapy (twenty‐six 45‐minute sessions including relaxation training, imaginary desensitization, in vivo desensitization, assertiveness training) 2. imipramine + supportive therapy 3. placebo + supportive therapy + behavior therapy ACUTE PHASE CO‐INTERVENTION: not specified MAINTENANCE:‐ MODE OF DISCONTINUATION: naturalisitc FOLLOW‐UP: At 24 months after treatment discontinuation. 59% was successfully followed up. INTERVENTIONS AFTER TRIAL DISCONTINUATION: not specified |
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| Outcomes | RESPONSE: "Moderate" to "marked" improvement on CGI Change by an independent evaluator REMISSION: "Marked" improvement on CGI Change by an independent evaluator GLOBAL: CGI Severity; CGI Improvement PANIC ATTACK: spontaneous panic AGORAPHOBIA: primary phobia GENERAL ANXIETY: Taylor Manifest Anxiety DEPRESSION: Self‐rating Symptom Scale depression FUNCTIONING: functioning scale | |
| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Allocation concealment? | Unclear risk | B ‐ Unclear |
ACQ: Agoraphobic Cognitiions Questionnaire ADS: Anxiety Discomfort Scale BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory BDI: Beck Depression Inventory BAT: Behavioral Avoidance Test BPRS: Bief Psychiatric Rating Scale BSQ: Body Sensations Questionnaire CGI: Clinical Global Impression CID: Clinical Interview for Depression FQ‐Ag: Fear Questionnaire Agoraphobia Subscale FSS: Fear Survey Schedule HAM‐A: Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety HAM‐D: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression IPT: Interpersonalty Therapy MADRS: Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale MI: Mobility Inventory PDSS: Panic Disorder Severity Scale SAS‐SR: Social Adjustment Scale‐Self Report SCL‐90‐R: Symptom Checklist 90 Revised