Table 1.
Summary GWAS results from non-invasive phenotyping of growth under drought stress. All genomic regions significantly associated with one or more traits are presented along with the highest –log(p)-value of each trait (number of significant SNPS in brackets) along with other traits reported to be associated with these regions from the literature where iSelect marker platform was deployed.
| Map position (cM) | Trait | Highest –log(p) | References of reported QTL in the QTL region |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1H 119.0 | DB 27–45 (1) | 4.65 | development1; malting quality – malt extract2; biomass yield (control) and osmotic adjustment3; root traits21 |
| 2H 18.9–27.7 | DB 46–58 (11) | 5.43 | development1; tiller number4; grain yield5; flowering6; shoot elongation phase7; malting quality – malt extract2; heading date8; heading time9,10; biomass yield (DSI)3; seedling root and shoot traits20,21; leaf length and growth rate in control and salt stress22 |
| 2H 40.8 | DB 27–45 (1) | 4.49 | development1; seedling shoot and root traits under osmotic stress20 |
| 2H 50.4 | DB 27–45 (1) | 4.66 | tiller number (53.2 cM)4; malting quality, protein content2; biomass, osmolality and SPAD (stress)3; leaf blade area11; seedling root traits21 |
| 2H 74.1 | TN58 (1) | 4.07 | development1; leaf blade area11; grain and spike number12; root Cl– content13; malting quality2; TKW,protein content9; seedling root traits20 |
| 2H 135.8 | TA (1) | 4.79 | leaf blade area11; biomass DSI (133.3 cM) and osmotic adjustment (135.8 cM)3; seedling root traits20,21; leaf length salt stress22 |
| 3H 45.8–46 | DB 27–45 (3) | 5.00 | development1; leaf blade area (49.3cM)11; height (51.8 cM)15; biomass and SPAD (control) (51.2 cM) 3; seedling root traits21 |
| fAW_TA (3) | 4.66 | ||
| 3H 88 | DB 27–45 (1) | 4.28 | tiller number4; leaf blade area11; shoot elongation, flowering7; malting quality2; biomass (control), osmolality (stress)3; leaf number22 |
| 3H 98.7 | DB 46–58 (1) | 4.72 | development1; leaf blade area (96.5 cM)11; spike density14; grain yield5; shoot elongation phase, flowering7; malting quality, protein content2; heading10; biomass in control, DSI (100.3 – 106 cM) 3 and osmolality in stress3; root to shoot ratio20; growth rate in salt stress (104 cM)22 |
| 4H 91.0 | DB 27–45* (1) | 3.70 | biomass, DSI3; seedling root traits20 |
| 5H 41.3–45.7 | TN 27 (20) | 3.44 | development1; height and tiller number4; leaf blade area11; shoot elongation7; malting quality, protein content, malt extract2; heading8; protein content15; height9; biomass (control & stress), osmolality and SPAD (stress)3; seedling root traits20 |
| TN45 (22) | 5.80 | ||
| TN58 (25) | 5.62 | ||
| 5H 99.9 | DB 46–58 (1) | 3.69 | development1; height4; shoot elongation7; kernel plumpness (95 cM)15; flowering10; osmolality (stress) (95 cM)3; shoot weight19 |
| 5H 120.1 | TN27 (1) | 3.47 | tiller number (122.4 cM)4; leaf blade area (118.8 cM)11; malting quality, kernel plumpness2; flowering10 |
| 5H 139.1 | DBA* (1) | 3.90 | osmotic adjustment (137.9 cM), biomass control and drought stress, DSI3; seedling root traits in osmotic stress20 |
| 5H 157.6 | DB 46–58 (1) | 3.81 | malting quality, malt extract2; amylose content in grains (155.6 cM)16; shoot weight (154.2 cM)21 |
| 5H 169.4 | DB 46–58 (1) | 4.33 | development1; shoot elongation7; malting quality, α-amylase2; biomass-DSI (167.9 cM)3; rhizosheat weight19; seedling root and shoot traits20; leaf length in salt stress22 |
| 6H 24.5 | FW 59 (1) | 3.69 | tiller number4, biomass3 |
| 6H 30.1–30.2 | TN27 (2) | 3.59 | leaf blade area11; β-glucan content in grains16 |
| TN45 (3) | 5.80 | ||
| TN58 (3) | 5.62 | ||
| 6H 55.0 | TA (2) | 4.15 | height and tiller number4; leaf blade area11; TKW and spike number12; root Na+/K+ content13; malting quality, protein content2; height and TKW9; lodging17; shoot weight19; seedling root traits20,21; growth rate22 |
| TN45 (2) | 3.53 | ||
| 6H 105.1 | DBA* (1) | 3.19 | biomass and DSI3 |
| 7H 14.0 | TA (1) | 4.30 | straw yield18; development1; tiller number4; leaf blade area11; seedling root traits20; leaf number in salt stress22 |
| 7H 47.7–48.3 | DB 27–45 (2) | 5.04 | leaf blade area11; tiller number13; malting quality, malt extract2; biomass (control, stress), DSI3; seedling root and shoot traits20 |
| 7H 140.9 | DB 27–45 (1) | 5.32 | leaf blade area11, shoot weight19 |
| DB 46–58 (1) | 4.67 | ||
| TA (1) | 4.21 | ||
| TN27 (1) | 3.62 |
SNPs are described by their genetic position and associated traits. Identified QTL regions are compared to agronomic and growth/drought related traits from other mapping studies in barley that used the same barley collection and/or SNPs from iSelect or barley oligo pool array (BOPA), DB, digital biomass; FW, fresh weight; TN, tiller number (at a specific number of DAS); TA, Time A (stop of growth); DBA, DB at TA; fAW_TA, fraction of (plant) available water at TA.
*Not passing the FDR level. 1Alqudah et al. (2014), 2Mohammadi et al. (2015), 3Wehner et al. (2015), 4Alqudah et al. (2016): Note, only QTL for TN in two-rowed panel are included in the comparison. 5Ingvordsen et al. (2015), 6Maurer et al. (2015), 7Maurer et al. (2016), 8Muñoz-Amatriaín et al. (2014), 9Pasam et al. (2012), 10Sannemann et al. (2015), 11Alqudah et al. (2018), 12Gawenda et al. (2015), 13Long et al. (2013), 14Houston et al. (2013), 15Pauli et al. (2014), 16Shu and Rasmussen, (2014), 17Tondelli et al. (2013), 18Al-Abdallat et al. (2017), 19George et al. (2014), 20Abdel-Ghani et al. (2019), 21Zhongtao et al. (2019), 22Ward et al. (2019)