Comparison 21.
Resolution of encephalopathy ‐ absolute risk difference (ARD)
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 All trials | 6 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 1.1 All studies | 6 | 119 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.25 [0.10, 0.41] |
| 1.2 Standard amino acids | 5 | 66 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.05 [‐0.17, 0.27] |
| 1.3 BCAA's | 2 | 62 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.45 [0.25, 0.64] |
| 2 Parenteral nutrition (all medical trials) | 2 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 2.1 All trials | 2 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.22 [‐0.22, 0.66] |
| 2.2 Standard amino acids | 2 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.22 [‐0.22, 0.66] |
| 2.3 BCAA's | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3 Enteral nutrition (all medical trials) | 2 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 3.1 All trials | 2 | 47 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.13 [‐0.12, 0.39] |
| 3.2 Standard amino acids | 2 | 37 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.07 [‐0.20, 0.35] |
| 3.3 BCAA's | 1 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.29 [‐0.08, 0.66] |
| 4 Supplements (all medical trials) | 2 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 4.1 All trials | 2 | 53 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.07 [‐0.86, 0.99] |
| 4.2 Standard amino acids | 1 | 10 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.43 [‐0.90, 0.04] |
| 4.3 BCAA's | 1 | 43 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.52 [0.29, 0.74] |
| 5 Medical trials ‐ all trials | 6 | 119 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.25 [0.10, 0.41] |
| 5.1 Parenteral nutrition | 2 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.22 [‐0.22, 0.66] |
| 5.2 Enteral nutrition | 2 | 47 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.13 [‐0.12, 0.39] |
| 5.3 Supplements | 2 | 53 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.36 [0.15, 0.57] |
| 6 Medical trials ‐ standard amino acids | 5 | 66 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.05 [‐0.17, 0.27] |
| 6.1 Parenteral nutrition | 2 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.22 [‐0.22, 0.66] |
| 6.2 Enteral nutrition | 2 | 37 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.07 [‐0.20, 0.35] |
| 6.3 Supplements | 1 | 10 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.43 [‐0.90, 0.04] |
| 7 Medical trials ‐ BCAAs | 2 | 62 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.45 [0.25, 0.64] |
| 7.1 Parenteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7.2 Enteral nutrition | 1 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.29 [‐0.08, 0.66] |
| 7.3 Supplements | 1 | 43 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.52 [0.29, 0.74] |
| 8 Surgical trials ‐ all trials | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8.1 Pareneral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8.2 Enteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8.3 Supplements | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9 Surgical trials ‐ standard amino acids | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.1 Pareneral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.2 Enteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.3 Supplements | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10 Surgical trials ‐ BCAAs | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10.1 Pareneral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10.2 Enteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10.3 Supplements | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 11 Alcoholic hepatitis ‐ all trials | 5 | 76 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.09 [‐0.12, 0.30] |
| 11.1 Parenteral nutrition | 2 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.22 [‐0.22, 0.66] |
| 11.2 Enteral nutrition | 2 | 47 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.13 [‐0.12, 0.39] |
| 11.3 Supplements | 1 | 10 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.43 [‐0.90, 0.04] |
| 12 Alcoholic hepatitis ‐ standard amino acids | 5 | 66 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.05 [‐0.17, 0.27] |
| 12.1 Parenteral nutrition | 2 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.22 [‐0.22, 0.66] |
| 12.2 Enteral nutrition | 2 | 37 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.07 [‐0.20, 0.35] |
| 12.3 Supplements | 1 | 10 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.43 [‐0.90, 0.04] |
| 13 Alcoholic hepatitis ‐ BCAAs | 1 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.29 [‐0.08, 0.66] |
| 13.1 Parenteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 13.2 Enteral nutrition | 1 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.29 [‐0.08, 0.66] |
| 13.3 Supplements | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 14 Cirrhosis ‐ all | 1 | 43 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.52 [0.29, 0.74] |
| 14.1 Parenteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 14.2 Enteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 14.3 Supplements | 1 | 43 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.52 [0.29, 0.74] |
| 15 Cirrhosis ‐ standard amino acids | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.1 Parenteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.2 Enteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.3 Supplements | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16 Cirrhosis ‐ BCAAs | 1 | 43 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.52 [0.29, 0.74] |
| 16.1 Parenteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16.2 Enteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16.3 Supplements | 1 | 43 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.52 [0.29, 0.74] |
| 17 HCC ‐ all studies | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17.1 Parenteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17.2 Enteral nutritionBCAA's | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17.3 Supplements | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 18 HCC ‐ standard amino acids | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 18.1 Parenteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 18.2 Enteral nutritionBCAA's | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 18.3 Supplements | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 19 HCC ‐ BCAAs | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 19.1 Parenteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 19.2 Enteral nutrition BCAA's | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 19.3 Supplements | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 20 Abstracts excluded ‐ all trials | 6 | 119 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.25 [0.10, 0.41] |
| 20.1 Parenteral nutrition | 2 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.22 [‐0.22, 0.66] |
| 20.2 Enteral nutrition | 2 | 47 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.13 [‐0.12, 0.39] |
| 20.3 Supplements | 2 | 53 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.36 [0.15, 0.57] |
| 21 Abstracts excluded ‐ standard amino acids | 5 | 66 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.05 [‐0.17, 0.27] |
| 21.1 Parenteral nutrition | 2 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.22 [‐0.22, 0.66] |
| 21.2 Enteral nutrition | 2 | 37 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.07 [‐0.20, 0.35] |
| 21.3 Supplements | 1 | 10 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.43 [‐0.90, 0.04] |
| 22 Abstracts excluded ‐ BCAAs | 3 | 72 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.16 [‐0.34, 0.66] |
| 22.1 Parenteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 22.2 Enteral nutrition | 1 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.29 [‐0.08, 0.66] |
| 22.3 Supplements | 2 | 53 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.07 [‐0.86, 0.99] |
| 23 Surgical trials (transplant patients removed) ‐ all trials | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 23.1 Parenteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 23.2 Enteral nutrition | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 23.3 Supplements | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 24 ITT ‐ All trials ‐ best case scenario ‐ no changes made because all patients reported | 6 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 24.1 All studies | 6 | 119 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.25 [0.10, 0.41] |
| 24.2 Standard amino acids | 5 | 66 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.05 [‐0.17, 0.27] |
| 24.3 BCAA's | 2 | 62 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.45 [0.25, 0.64] |
| 25 ITT ‐ Parenteral nutrition trials ‐ best‐case scenario ‐ no changes made because all patients reported | 2 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 25.1 All studies | 2 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.22 [‐0.22, 0.66] |
| 25.2 Standard amino acids | 2 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.22 [‐0.22, 0.66] |
| 25.3 BCAA's | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 26 ITT ‐ Enteral nutrition trials ‐ best‐case scenario ‐ no changes made because all patients reported | 2 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 26.1 All studies | 2 | 47 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.13 [‐0.12, 0.39] |
| 26.2 Standard amino acids | 2 | 37 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.07 [‐0.20, 0.35] |
| 26.3 BCAA's | 1 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.29 [‐0.08, 0.66] |
| 27 ITT ‐ Supplement trials ‐ best‐case scenario ‐ no changes made because all patients reported | 2 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 27.1 All studies | 2 | 53 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.36 [0.15, 0.57] |
| 27.2 Standard amino acids | 1 | 10 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.43 [‐0.90, 0.04] |
| 27.3 BCAA's | 1 | 43 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.52 [0.29, 0.74] |
| 28 ITT ‐ All trials ‐ worst‐case scenario ‐ no changes made because all patients reported | 6 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 28.1 All studies | 6 | 119 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.25 [0.10, 0.41] |
| 28.2 Standard amino acids | 5 | 66 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.05 [‐0.17, 0.27] |
| 28.3 BCAA's | 2 | 62 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.45 [0.25, 0.64] |
| 29 ITT ‐ Parenteral nutrition trials ‐ worst‐case scenario ‐ no changes made because all patients reported | 2 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 29.1 All studies | 2 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.22 [‐0.22, 0.66] |
| 29.2 Standard amino acids | 2 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.22 [‐0.22, 0.66] |
| 29.3 BCAA's | 0 | 0 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 30 ITT ‐ Enteral nutrition trials ‐ worst‐case scenario ‐ no changes made because all patients reported | 2 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 30.1 All studies | 2 | 47 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.13 [‐0.12, 0.39] |
| 30.2 Standard amino acids | 2 | 37 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.07 [‐0.20, 0.35] |
| 30.3 BCAA's | 1 | 19 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.29 [‐0.08, 0.66] |
| 31 ITT ‐ Supplement trials ‐ worst‐case scenario ‐ no changes made because all patients reported | 2 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 31.1 All studies | 2 | 53 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.36 [0.15, 0.57] |
| 31.2 Standard amino acids | 1 | 10 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.43 [‐0.90, 0.04] |
| 31.3 BCAA's | 1 | 43 | Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.52 [0.29, 0.74] |