Table 3.

Directions of asymmetry changes in cases versus controls

AI region	mean AI ± SD in controls	mean AI ± SD in ASD	Cohen’s d (95% CI) Left hemisphere	Cohen’s d (95% CI) Right hemisphere	Controls	ASD
Fusiform thickness	−0.004 ± 0.02	−0.002 ± 0.03	−0.152 (−0.22, −0.09)	−0.22 (−0.29, −0.15)	Rightward	Decreased
Inferior temporal thickness	−0.006 ± 0.03	−0.003 ± 0.03	−0.13 (−0.2, −0.06)	−0.194 (−0.26, −0.13)	Rightward	Decreased
Isthmus cingulate thickness	0.012 ± 0.04	0.007 ± 0.04	−0.014 (−0.08, 0.05)	0.07 (0, 0.14)	Leftward	Decreased
Medial orbitofrontal thickness	0.003 ± 0.04	−0.001 ± 0.04	−0.009 (−0.08, 0.06)	0.087 (0.02, 0.15)	Leftward	Reversed
Rostral anterior cingulate thickness	0.016 ± 0.05	0.011 ± 0.05	−0.116 (−0.18, −0.05)	0.009 (−0.06, 0.08)	Leftward	Decreased
Rostral middle frontal thickness	0.01 ± 0.03	0.008 ± 0.03	−0.016 (−0.08, 0.05)	0.046 (−0.02, 0.11)	Leftward	Decreased
Superior frontal thickness	0.006 ± 0.02	0.005 ± 0.02	−0.058 (−0.12, 0.01)	0.018 (−0.05, 0.08)	Leftward	Decreased
Lateral orbitofrontal surface area	0.014 ± 0.05	0.009 ± 0.05	−0.027 (−0.09, 0.04)	0.032 (−0.04, 0.1)	Leftward	Decreased
Medial orbitofrontal surface area	−0.012 ± 0.06	−0.004 ± 0.06	0.076 (0.01, 0.14)	−0.001 (−0.07, 0.07)	Rightward	Decreased
Putamen	0.011 ± 0.03	0.012 ± 0.04	−0.029 (−0.1, 0.04)	−0.095 (−0.16, −0.03)	Leftward	Increased

The raw means and standard deviations are indicated for each AI that showed a significant effect of diagnosis in the primary analysis. Also the Cohen’s d effect sizes for left and right hemispheric measures are indicated (i.e., when left or right hemispheric measures were analyzed as dependent variables). In addition, the average direction of asymmetry in controls (derived from the raw mean AI) and its change in ASD is shown. Positive AI values indicate leftward asymmetry, negative AI values indicate rightward asymmetry