Figure 3.

Expression patterns of PcSulf and PcGSS genes in P. chrysocephala. Gut tissue of newly emerged adults and adults, which had fed for seven days on Sinapis alba and Brassica rapa, respectively, was dissected. Total RNA extracted from homogenized guts and the corresponding bodies without guts was used for cDNA synthesis. The expression levels of PcSulf and PcGSS genes were determined relative to that of the reference gene EF1α by quantitative RT-PCR. PcGSS3 expression was not analyzed because it was not possible to design gene-specific primers due to high sequence similarity among PcGSS genes. The expression level of each gene in the gut and the body without gut was compared by paired t-test (Table S1). GSS gene expression in the gut of newly emerged adults was compared with those in the guts of seven day-old adults which had fed on S. alba and B. rapa, respectively, by ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test, or by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test (Table S2). Bars labeled with different letters are significantly different. Means + SE of n = 4–5 biological replicates.