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. 2019 Oct 31;9:15725. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51749-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bayesian-inferred phylogeny of coleopteran and lepidopteran arylsulfatases and GSS enzymes. Posterior probability values and bootstrap values (1,000 replicates) of a Maximum-Likelihood analysis of the same dataset are shown next to each node. Sulf1, Sulf2, Sulf3, and Sulf4 designate Coleoptera-specific clades (black vertical bars), SulfA, SulfB, SulfC, SulfD designate Lepidoptera-specific clades (grey vertical bars). Clades containing GSS enzymes are highlighted with grey background. -, not supported in Maximum-Likelihood analysis. The following species were included in the analysis: Coleoptera: Pc, Psylliodes chrysocephala; Pa, Phyllotreta armoraciae; Ps, Phyllotreta striolata; Dp, Dendroctonus ponderosae; Ld, Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Tc, Tribolium castaneum; Lepidoptera: Bm, Bombyx mori; Ms, Manduca sexta; Px, Plutella xylostella.