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. 2019 Oct 31;9:15717. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52083-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Summary of the effects of AC on NSCs under OGD. OGD disrupts mitochondria in NSCs, but AC can protect mitochondria against OGD through diverse mechanisms including inhibition of calcium influx, activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and mitochondria biogenesis.