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. 2019 Oct 31;9:15742. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52295-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Medullary volume is increased with age in all experimental groups. (a) Representative T2-weighted MR images of the medulla of saline-treated wild-type (WT) and Wfs1 knock-out (KO), liraglutide-treated WT and Wfs1 KO rats are taken at the level of the inferior olive (bregma approx. −12.63 mm). Quantitative MRI analysis of (b) medullary volume and (c) extraparenchymal space (EPS) were manually traced by an observer blinded to the genotypes of the rats from T2 images using ITK-SNAP software. The volumes of the segmented structures were calculated as volume per slice from bregma level −9.48 to −15.48 mm. The data were compared using repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM, n = 6–10 per group.